Table 2

Unadjusted and adjusted HRs for dying, from Cox proportional hazards multiple regression model, for presenting symptom groups compared with cough-alone symptom group

Symptom category	Unadjusted HR	95% CI for HR		P values	Adjusted* HR	95% CI for HR		P values
Symptom category	Unadjusted HR	Lower	Upper	P values		Lower	Upper	P values
Abnormal radiograph vs cough	1.01	0.81	1.26	0.921	0.98	0.79	1.22	0.876
Haemoptysis vs cough	1.19	0.95	1.48	0.130	1.19	0.96	1.49	0.117
Cough and haemoptysis vs cough	0.96	0.73	1.26	0.755	0.98	0.74	1.29	0.874
LRTI vs cough	1.10	0.77	1.56	0.609	1.06	0.74	1.51	0.756
Breathlessness vs cough	1.86	1.54	2.24	<0.001	1.74	1.44	2.10	<0.001
Systemic symptoms vs cough	1.91	1.48	2.45	<0.001	1.74	1.35	2.24	<0.001
Weight loss vs cough	2.46	1.90	3.18	<0.001	2.36	1.82	3.06	<0.001
Chest pain vs cough	1.96	1.56	2.45	<0.001	1.99	1.59	2.49	<0.001
Cough and breathlessness vs cough	1.59	1.28	1.98	<0.001	1.52	1.23	1.90	<0.001
Neurological vs cough	3.07	2.45	3.84	<0.001	3.06	2.44	3.83	<0.001
Other symptom combinations vs cough	2.05	1.75	2.40	<0.001	2.04	1.74	2.39	<0.001
Age (years)					1.02	1.02	1.03	<0.001
Gender (female)					0.91	0.85	0.98	0.007
Histology (small cell cancer)					1.18	1.07	1.31	0.001

Unadjusted analysis, n=3800; adjusted analysis, n=3796.
An HR >1 means patients in the symptom group have a greater risk or hazard of dying than patients in the reference (cough alone) symptom group.
Other symptom combinations category includes gastrointestinal symptoms, hoarse voice, wheeze, facial swelling, mass, fracture, fall and stridor.
*Adjusted for age, gender and histology (small cell lung cancer, yes or no).
LRTI, lower respiratory tract infection.