Self-reported respiratory morbidity and biochemical markers
| PLWHIV (n=1083) | Controls (n=12 074) | P value | Never smoking PLWHIV (n=361) | Never smoking controls (n=5726) | P value | |
| mMRC, n (%) | ||||||
| 0 | 696 (68.2) | 9235 (77.7) | <0.0001 | 265 (75.9) | 4769 (83.5) | <0.01 |
| 1 | 245 (24.5) | 2167 (18.2) | 70 (20.1) | 818 (14.3) | ||
| 2 | 49 (4.8) | 288 (2.4) | 8 (2.3) | 82 (1.4) | ||
| 3 | 18 (1.8) | 126 (1.1) | 3 (0.9) | 31 (0.5) | ||
| 4 | 12 (1.2) | 66 (0.6) | 3 (0.9) | 11 (0.2) | ||
| Cough, n (%) | 131 (12.9) | 807 (6.8) | <0.0001 | 31 (8.9) | 230 (4.0) | <0.0001 |
| Wheezing, n (%) | 226 (22.0) | 1882 (15.8) | <0.0001 | 39 (11.1) | 638 (11.2) | 1.000 |
| Sputum, n (%) | 178 (17.5) | 597 (9.4) | <0.0001 | 40 (11.5) | 169 (5.5) | <0.0001 |
| Gastro-oesophageal reflux, n (%) | 228 (22.1) | 1054 (16.5) | <0.0001 | 64 (18.1) | 417 (13.6) | 0.026 |
| Self-reported asthma, n (%) | 64 (6.4) | 711 (6.0) | 0.693 | 15 (4.4) | 375 (6.6) | 0.125 |
| Self-reported COPD, n (%) | 32 (3.1) | 127 (2.0) | 0.030 | 1 (0.3) | 8 (0.3) | 1.000 |
| WBC (×109/L), mean (SD) | 6.8 (1.8) | 7.1 (2.9) | 0.017 | 6.4 (1.6) | 6.7 (2.9) | 0.035 |
| Eosinophils (×109/L), mean (SD) | 0.2 (0.1) | 0.2 (0.1) | 0.030 | 0.2 (0.1) | 0.2 (0.1) | 0.154 |
| Fibrinogen (µmol/L), mean (SD) | 9.6 (2.3) | 10.1 (2.0) | <0.0001 | 9.2 (2.1) | 9.9 (1.9) | <0.0001 |
| hsCRP (mg/L), mean (SD) | 2.8 (7.1) | 1.9 (5.0) | <0.0001 | 2.1 (3.6) | 1.7 (3.4) | 0.037 |
If frequencies do not correspond to absolute numbers it is due to missing variables.
hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; mMRC, modified British Medical Research Council breathlessness scale; PLWHIV, people living with HIV; WBC, white blood cells.