Major demographic and baseline clinical features of all subjects
| Demographic and baseline features | All subjects (n=281)* |
| Gender† | Male: 187 (70.3%), Female: 79 (29.7%) |
| Age‡ | 70 (8.1) |
| BMI | 27.2 (5.4) |
| Baseline GOLD status | 1: 30 (11.4%), 2: 132 (50.2%), 3: 78 (29.7%), 4: 23 (8.7%) |
| Treatment§ | Antibiotics: 38 (15.3%), Steroids: 9 (3.6%), Both: 202 (81.1%) |
| Number of cigarette packs per year¶ | 47 (30) |
| Number of exacerbation per year¶ | 1.1 (1.6) |
| Baseline FEV1 | 1.5 (0.6) |
| Baseline FEV1% | 56.3 (18.9) |
| Baseline FEV1 predicted | 2.6 (0.5) |
| Baseline FVC | 2.9 (1.0) |
| Baseline FEV1/FVC ratio | 0.5 (0.1) |
| CAT score | 18.7 (7.3) |
| CES-D score ¶ | 10 (13) |
| SGRQ total score | 47.4 (18.2) |
*15 subjects were missing any demographic or clinical data.
†Categorical data present as number (proportion).
‡Continuous data present as mean (SD) unless stated below.
§The numbers represent exacerbation events and thus include subjects with more than one exacerbation.
¶Median (IQR).
BMI, body mass index; CAT, COPD Assessment Test ; CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC, forced vital capacity; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; SGRQ, St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire.