Summary of trials comparing prophylactic radiotherapy to procedure tracts to no radiotherapy
| Study | Patients | Treatments | Nodules in treatment group | Nodules in control group | Significance | Notes |
| Boutin 1995126 | 40 | 21 Gy in 3 12.5–15 MeV | 0/20 | 8/20 | P<0.001 | Prechemotherapy era |
| Bydder 2004127 | 43 (58 sites) | 10 Gy in 19 MeV | 2/28 | 3/30 | N.S. | Chemotherapy patients excluded |
| O’Rouke 2007128 | 61 | 21 Gy in 3 250 kV photons or 9–12 MeV | 4/31 | 3/30 | N.S. | Chemotherapy patients excluded |
| Clive 2016129 | 203 | 21 Gy in three fractions | 9/102 | 16/101 | N.S. | Chemotherapy included |
N.S., not significant