Suggested antibiotic regimens for adults with Mycobacterium xenopi-pulmonary disease
| M. xenopi-pulmonary disease | Antibiotic regimen |
|---|---|
| Non-severe M. xenopi-pulmonary disease (ie, AFB smear-negative respiratory tract samples, no radiological evidence of lung cavitation or severe infection, mild-moderate symptoms, no signs of systemic illness) | Rifampicin 600 mg daily and Ethambutol 15 mg/kg daily and Azithromycin 250 mg daily or clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily and Moxifloxacin 400 mg daily or isoniazid 300 mg (+pyridoxine 10 mg) daily Antibiotic treatment should continue for a minimum of 12 months after culture conversion. |
| Severe M. xenopi-pulmonary disease (ie, AFB smear-positive respiratory tract samples, radiological evidence of lung cavitation/severe infection, or severe symptoms/signs of systemic illness) | Rifampicin 600 mg daily and Ethambutol 15 mg/kg daily and Azithromycin 250 mg daily or clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily and Moxifloxacin 400 mg daily or isoniazid 300 mg (+pyridoxine 10 mg) daily and consider intravenous amikacin for up to 3 months or nebulised amikacin Antibiotic treatment should continue for a minimum of 12 months after culture conversion. |
AFB, acid-fast bacilli.