Sensitivity analysis results
| Number | Age, mean (SD) cohort | Opium users (8487) vs non-users (41 558)* | Number | Opium users (8349) vs non-users (41 320)† | Number | Opium users (4535) vs non-users (41 558)‡ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The entire cohort | 50 045 | 52.1 (9.02) | – | – | – | – | – | |
| All respiratory mortality | 331 | 60.8 (9.49) | 3.13 (2.42–4.04) | 278 | 2.99 (2.26–3.96) | 279 | 3.44 (2.55–4.65) | |
| Malignant respiratory mortality | 85 | 59.6 (9.47) | 1.96 (1.18–3.25) | 65 | 1.83 (1.02–3.29) | 78 | 2.66 (1.53–4.62) | |
| Lung cancer | 70 | 59.2 (9.02) | 1.73 (0.99–3.03) | 51 | 1.61 (0.82–3.14) | 65 | 2.42 (1.32–4.46) | |
| Laryngeal cancer | 15 | 61.5 (11.5) | 3.46 (0.99–12.07) | 14 | 2.92 (0.81–10.51) | 13 | 4.16 (1.1–15.74) | |
| Non-malignant respiratory mortality | 246 | 61.2 (9.47) | 3.71 (2.76–4.96) | 213 | 3.47 (2.53–4.76) | 201 | 3.89 (2.73–5.55) | |
| COPD | 97 | 62.1 (8.77) | 7.21 (4.46–11.65) | 78 | 7.03 (4.11–12.02) | 75 | 7.54 (4.33–13.14) | |
| Asthma | 38 | 58.6 (9.05) | 3.87 (1.85–8.11) | 35 | 3.51 (1.57–7.81) | 32 | 5.01 (2.11–11.86) | |
| Pneumonia | 66 | 61.5 (10.4) | 3.01 (1.67–5.37) | 60 | 2.92 (1.58–5.38) | 52 | 2.36 (1.08–5.14) | |
| Other | 45 | 61.4 (9.8) | 1.09 (0.48–2.45) | 42 | 1.11 (0.47–2.57) | 42 | 1.31 (0.49–3.44) | |
*HRs are adjusted for age, sex, residential place, education, marital status, drinking alcohol and cumulative use of any type of tobacco (pack-years for cigarette and amount×duration of use for hookah and nass).
†Excluding 841 deaths occurred during the first 24 months after enrolment.
‡Excluding 3952 subjects who used opium for <10 years.