Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, socio-environmental determinants and physical activity in 410 COPD patients
| All patients n=410* | |
|---|---|
| Sex: male, n (%) | 349 (85) |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 69 (8.5) |
| Education: primary or less, n (%) | 286 (70) |
| Married or living with partner, n (%) | 311 (76) |
| Low socio-economic status (SES): IV–V, n (%) | 113 (27) |
| Working status: active, n (%) | 39 (9) |
| Smoking status: current, n (%) | 98 (24) |
| Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 28.4 (4.9) |
| Dyspnoea (mMRC grade, 0–4), mean (SD) | 1.2 (0.9) |
| Post-bronchodilator FEV1 (% predicted), mean (SD) | 56.3 (17.3) |
| Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio, mean (SD) | 55 (12) |
| 6MWD (m), mean (SD) | 486 (95) |
| Health-related quality of life (CAT score, 0–40), mean (SD) | 12 (7) |
| Anxiety (HAD-A score, 0–21), mean (SD) | 5.2 (4) |
| Depression (HAD-D score, 0–21), mean (SD) | 3.5 (3.3) |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 114 (28) |
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 37 (9) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 203 (51) |
| Musculoskeletal disease, n (%) | 155 (39) |
| Dog ownership, n (%) | 75 (18) |
| Dog walking, n (%) | 49 (12) |
| Having grandchildren, n (%) | 302 (73) |
| Grandparenting, n (%) | 154 (38) |
| Neighbourhood deprivation (UVI score, 0 (low)–1 (high)), mean (SD) | 0.64 (0.17) |
| Residential surrounding greenness (NDVI, 0 (low)–1 (high)), mean (SD) | 0.19 (0.05) |
| Residential proximity to green or blue spaces, n (%) | 217 (53) |
| Minimal distance to green or blue spaces (m), mean (SD) | 297 (177) |
| Steps (number/day), mean (SD) | 7480 (4070) |
| Walking time (min/day), mean (SD) | 86 (42) |
| Time in any physical activity (min/day), mean (SD) | 169 (71) |
| Time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (min/day), mean (SD) | 105 (49) |
| VMU/min, mean (SD) | 464 (304) |
*Some variables had missing values: 10 in diabetes, coronary heart disease, musculoskeletal diseases and hypertension, 3 in grandparenting, and 3 in neighbourhood deprivation, residential surrounding greenness, residential proximity to green or blue spaces because the patient's address could not be geocoded.
6MWD, 6-min walking distance; CAT, COPD Assessment Test; HAD, Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council scale; NDVI, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; UVI, Urban Vulnerability Index; VMU, vector magnitude units.