Preterm | Preterm without BPD (n=50) | Preterm with BPD (n=83) | Hodges-Lehman median difference (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Structural abnormalities on chest CT | ||||
Presence, n participants (%) | 123 (92) | 44 (88) | 79 (95) | |
Extent (total CT score) | 5 (3–9) | 4 (1–7) | 6 (4–11) | 2 (1 to 4); p=0.008* |
Linear/triangular subpleural opacities | ||||
Presence | 112 (84%) | 39 (78%) | 73 (88%) | |
Extent | 3 (1–5) | 2 (1–3) | 3 (2–6) | 2 (1 to 2); p<0.001* |
Decreased pulmonary attenuation—inspiration | ||||
Presence | 40 (30%) | 9 (18%) | 31 (37%)* | |
Extent | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0 to 0); p=0.013* |
Decreased pulmonary attenuation—expiration | ||||
Presence | 58 (44%) | 23 (46%) | 35 (42%) | |
Extent | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0 to 0); p=0.926 |
Decreased bronchial: arterial ratio | ||||
Presence | 2 (2%) | 1 (2%) | 1 (1%) | |
Extent | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0 to 0); p=0.708 |
Bronchiectasis | ||||
Presence | 12 (9%) | 4 (8%) | 8 (10%) | |
Extent | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0 to 0); p=0.801 |
Bronchial wall thickening | ||||
Presence | 58 (44%) | 20 (40%) | 38 (46%) | |
Extent | 0 (0–3) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–3) | 0 (0 to 0); p=0.473 |
Bullae | ||||
Presence | 2 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (2%) | |
Extent | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0 to 0); p=0.271 |
Emphysema | ||||
Presence | 4 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (5%) | |
Extent | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0 to 0); p=0.116 |
Collapse/consolidation | ||||
Presence | 15 (11%) | 1 (2%) | 14 (17%)* | |
Extent | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0 to 0); p=0.008* |
Presence indicates the number (%) of preterm children with the particular structural abnormality described. Extent scores were derived as described by Aukland et al,21 where each parameter has a maximum score of 6 (according to the number of affected lobes) except for collapse/consolidation (maximum=2) leading to a possible total CT score of 50. Extent scores are expressed as median (IQR). Difference in presence of abnormality between groups assessed using theχ2 test and difference in extent assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test.
*Represents significant difference between the preterm groups with and without BPD (p<0.05).
BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia.