Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and serum concentrations in infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis and controls
| Cytokine | Control | RSV cases | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| BAL fluid (pg/mL) | |||
| IL-2 | 0.3 (IQR 0.2–0.6) | 4.5 (IQR 2.9–5.5) | <0.001 |
| IFNγ | 1.5 (IQR 1.1–1.6) | 33.6 (IQR 8.1–60.1) | <0.001 |
| IL-13 | 1.8 (IQR 1.5–2.9) | 9.9 (IQR 6.5–12.9) | <0.001 |
| IL-10 | 0.1 (IQR 0.1–0.2) | 3.5 (IQR 1.7–7.9) | <0.001 |
| IL-1β | 0.3 (IQR 0.2–1.8) | 16.3 (IQR 12–40.9) | <0.001 |
| IL-6 | 0.1 (IQR 0.1–0.9) | 44 (IQR 18.6–85.5) | <0.001 |
| IL-8 | 137 (IQR 82.6–1716) | 9870 (IQR 3967–21 510) | <0.001 |
| TNF-α | 0.08 (IQR 0–0.3) | 11.5 (IQR 3.3–29.4) | <0.001 |
| IL-12p70 | 0.1 (IQR 0.1–0.2) | 0.2 (IQR 0.1–0.4) | 0.37 |
| IL-4 | 0.1 (IQR 0.04–0.1) | 0.1 (IQR 0.04–0.1) | 0.14 |
| Serum (pg/mL) | |||
| IL-2 | 0.2 (IQR 0.04–0.4) | 0.2 (IQR 0.1–0.4) | 0.9 |
| IFNγ | 3 (IQR 2.4–3.2) | 34.2 (IQR 10.8–69.9) | 0.01 |
| IL-13 | 1.9 (IQR 1.7–2.6) | 1.6 (IQR 0.7–2.7) | 0.2 |
| IL-10 | 0.2 (IQR 0.2–0.3) | 0.9 (IQR 0.6–2.5) | <0.001 |
| IL-1β | 0.1 (IQR 0.1–0.3) | 0.2 (IQR 0.1–0.2) | 0.6 |
| IL-6 | 0.3 (IQR 0.2–2) | 1.8 (IQR 1.3–2.7) | 0.01 |
| IL-8 | 201.6 (62.6–371.1) | 0 (0–244.2) | 0.2 |
| TNF-α | 1.3 (IQR 1.2–1.5) | 2.2 (IQR 1.5–2.5) | 0.01 |
| IL-12p70 | 0.1 (IQR 0.01–0.2) | 0.03 (IQR 0–0.2) | 0.3 |
| IL-4 | 0.06 (IQR 0.03–0.1) | 0.04 (IQR 0.03–0.1) | 0.8 |
Cytokine concentrations in BAL (RSV n=35, control cases n=8) and serum (RSV n=24, control cases n=6) were determined by Human V-Plex Pro-inflammatory Panel 1 MSD kit and are expressed as medians (IQR) of pg/mL/sample. p Values were determined by Mann-Whitney U tests.
IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; TNF, tumour necrosis factor.