Outcome variables for intervention group and control group: mean (SD) change and mean difference (95% CI) from visit 1 (baseline) (visit 2 minus visit 1)
| Outcome measure | Intervention (n=26) Mean (SD) change | Control (n=29) Mean (SD) change | Difference mean change scores (95% CI) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SF-36* | ||||
| Physical functioning | 6.8 (10.9) | 3.9 (8.2) | 3.0 (−2.2 to 8.2) | 0.26 |
| Role physical | 12.0 (9.8) | 5.4 (11.8) | 6.6 (0.73 to 12.5) | 0.03 |
| Bodily pain | 5.2 (9.1) | 1.3 (8.5) | 3.9 (−0.87 to 8.7) | 0.11 |
| N=25 | ||||
| General health | 0.43 (10.2) | −1.2 (7.8) | 1.7 (−3.3 to 6.6) | 0.50 |
| Vitality | 4.6 (10.1) | 2.3 (10.8) | 2.3 (−3.4 to 8.0) | 0.42 |
| Social functioning | 10.7 (13.1) | 4.2 (12.3) | 6.6 (−0.3 to 13.5) | 0.06 |
| N=25 | ||||
| Role emotional | 8.2 (14.5) | 2.5 (16.4) | 5.7 (−2.8 to 14.2) | 0.18 |
| Mental health | 2.8 (12.5) | 0.16 (11.7) | 2.6 (−3.9 to 9.1) | 0.43 |
| N=25 | ||||
| Physical component summary | 7.0 (7.8) | 3.2 (6.7) | 3.8 (−0.2 to 7.8) | 0.06 |
| N=25 | ||||
| Mental component summary | 5.8 (13.6) | 1.1 (13.1) | 4.6 (−2.7 to 11.9) | 0.21 |
| N=22 | N=28 | |||
| Rivermead mobility index* | 1.3 (2.1) | 1.1 (1.8) | 0.13 (−0.98 to 1.2) | 0.82 |
| N=20 | N=25 | |||
| Incremental shuttle walk test* | 135.5 (119.8) | 52.4 (126.7) | 83.1 (8.3 to 157.9) | 0.03 |
| Functional limitations profile† | N=22 | N=28 | ||
| Physical dimension | −10.0 (9.7) | −5.3 (7.5) | −4.7 (−9.5 to 0.2) | 0.06 |
| Psychosocial dimension | −7.4 (12.3) | −2.4 (9.2) | −5.0 (−11.1 to 1.1) | 0.11 |
| Overall score | −7.8 (7.4) | −3.0 (6.3) | −4.8 (−8.7 to −0.9) | 0.02 |
| EuroQol-5D-5L | N=22 | N=28 | ||
| Visual analogue scale* | 7.4 (20.4) | 6.4 (17.9) | 0.97 (−9.9 to 11.9) | 0.86 |
| Index† | 0.02 (0.20) | 0.02 (0.17) | 0.00 (−0.1 to 0.1) | 0.998 |
| Hand-held dynamometry* | N=22 | N=26 | ||
| Dominant hand | 6.1 (28.1) | 12.5 (22.8) | −6.4 (−21.2 to 8.4) | 0.39 |
| Non-dominant hand | 9.1 (28.2) | 14.0 (28.7) | −4.9 (−21.5 to 11.7) | 0.56 |
| Nine hole peg test* | N=22 | N=26 | ||
| Dominant hand | 9.4 (15.3) | 5.3 (10.7) | 4.1 (−3.4 to 11.7) | 0.28 |
| N=21 | N=27 | |||
| Non-dominant hand | 8.9 (13.7) | 5.3 (16.1) | 3.6 (−5.2 to 12.4) | 0.41 |
| Hospital anxiety and depression scale† | N=22 | N=28 | 0.43 | |
| Anxiety | −0.59 (3.6) | 0.18 (3.3) | −0.77 (−2.7 to 1.2) | 0.15 |
| Depression | −1.2 (4.4) | 0.36 (3.1) | −1.6 (−3.7 to 0.6) | |
| N=22 | N=27 | |||
| Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale† | −0.14 (0.94) | 0.00 (1.00) | −0.14 (−0.7 to 0.4) | 0.63 |
| N=22 | N=28 | |||
| Chronic disease self-efficacy scale* | 1.6 (3.0) | −0.57 (2.1) | 2.2 (0.8 to 3.7) | 0.01 |
| N=22 | N=28 | |||
| Readiness to exercise* | 1.1 (0.97) | −0.21 (0.96) | 1.3 (0.8 to 1.9) | <0.001 |
*A positive change score represents improvement.
†A negative change score represents improvement.