Univariate associations for the three study outcomes by each of the study baseline variables
| % of those assessed attending a discharge assessment | p Value* | % achieving MCID in health status† | p Value* | % change in ISWT/6MWT exercise test distance Median (IQR), N | p Value‡ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All patients | 59% (4353/7413) | 61% (2240/3664) | 25 (8–54), n=3901 | |||
| (W)IMD | ||||||
| Q1 most deprived | 50% (951/1915) | <0.001 <0.001 | 60% (458/760) | 0.20 0.30 | 27 (9, 63), n=843 | <0.001 <0.001 |
| Q2 | 55% (860/1570) | 64% (473/736) | 29 (11, 59), n=782 | |||
| Q3 | 62% (919/1476) | 62% (489/786) | 23 (7, 50), n=823 | |||
| Q4 | 63% (801/1256) | 59% (401/685) | 23 (7, 49), n=719 | |||
| Q5 least deprived | 70% (736/1046) | 60% (373/623) | 22 (6, 47), n=658 | |||
| Not known | 57% (86/150) | 62% (46/74) | 22 (7, 46), n=76 | |||
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 60% (2353/3948) | 0.10 | 62% (1224/1976) | 0.28 | 23 (7, 50), n=2136 | <0.001 |
| Female | 58% (2000/3465) | 60% (1016/1688) | 27 (10, 58), n=1765 | |||
| Age | ||||||
| <60 | 45% (525/1180) | <0.001 | 64% (281/439) | 0.15 | 33 (15,70), n=459 | <0.001 |
| 60–64 | 56% (570/1020) | 60% (294/491) | 23 (7, 54), n=531 | |||
| 65–69 | 61% (985/1604) | 60% (500/839) | 24 (9, 50), n=889 | |||
| 70–74 | 63% (945/1505) | 63% (504/802) | 22 (7, 50), n=860 | |||
| 75–79 | 63% (739/1167) | 63% (389/616) | 23 (7, 50), n=651 | |||
| ≥80 | 63% (589/937) | 57% (272/477) | 26 (6, 64), n=511 | |||
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| White: British/Irish/other | 59% (4006/6772) | 0.13 0.05 | 61% (2062/3368) | 0.17 0.12 | 25 (8, 54), n=3582 | 0.23 0.30 |
| Other | 54% (108/201) | 68% (65/95) | 31 (9, 63), n=100 | |||
| Not known | 54% (239/440) | 56% (113/201) | 23 (8, 46), n=219 | |||
| Previous PR completion | ||||||
| Yes | 62% (734/1175) | 0.006 0.01 | 59% (361/611) | 0.24 0.50 | 22 (7, 47), n=648 | 0.03 0.08 |
| No | 58% (3286/5650) | 62% (1700/2758) | 25 (8, 54), n=2952 | |||
| Not known | 57% (333/588) | 61% (179/295) | 27 (8, 62), n=301 | |||
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Current | 47% (753/1614) | <0.001 <0.001 | 58% (359/619) | 0.15 0.27 | 25 (8, 55), n=662 | 0.44 0.22 |
| Ex | 62% (3214/5179) | 62% (1676/2725) | 24 (8, 53), n=2904 | |||
| Never | 66% (296/449) | 64% (160/249) | 27 (11, 52), n=258 | |||
| Not known | 53% (90/171) | 63% (45/71) | 33 (8, 91), n=77 | |||
| No. of comorbidities (0–23) | ||||||
| 0 | 61% (1074/1771) | 0.001 | 62% (559/902) | 0.16 | 22 (8, 50), n=958 | <0.001 |
| 1 | 60% (1446/2397) | 59% (714/1210) | 24 (7, 50), n=1305 | |||
| 2 | 59% (978/1662) | 61% (517/850) | 27 (8, 52), n=891 | |||
| 3 | 54% (501/931) | 66% (276/419) | 26 (9, 57), n=443 | |||
| ≥4 | 54% (354/652) | 61% (174/283) | 35 (13, 68), n=304 | |||
| Cardiovascular comorbidity§ | ||||||
| No | 58% (2259/3880) | 0.36 | 60% (1156/1915) | 0.32 | 24 (8, 53), n=2029 | 0.34 |
| Yes | 59% (2094/3533) | 62% (1084/1749) | 26 (8, 54), n=1872 | |||
| Diabetes comorbidity | ||||||
| No | 59% (3794/6426) | 0.15 | 61% (1942/3184) | 0.65 | 24 (8, 53), n=3397 | 0.07 |
| Yes | 57% (559/987) | 62% (298/480) | 27 (10, 60), n=504 | |||
| Locomotor problems comorbidity | ||||||
| No | 60% (3912/6557) | <0.001 | 61% (2022/3297) | 0.47 | 25 (8, 53), n=3528 | 0.20 |
| Yes | 52% (441/856) | 59% (218/367) | 30 (7, 61), n=373 | |||
| Mental health disorder comorbidity | ||||||
| No | 60% (4090/6871) | <0.001 | 61% (2101/3441) | 0.71 | 24 (8, 53), n=3659 | <0.001 |
| Yes | 49% (263/542) | 62% (139/223) | 32 (14, 72), n=242 | |||
| No. of times patient hospitalised for a COPD exacerbation in the past 12 months | ||||||
| 0 | 61% (2692/4382) | <0.001 <0.001 | 60% (1372/2269) | 0.53 0.62 | 24 (8, 50), n=2441 | 0.001 0.003 |
| 1 | 59% (789/1330) | 61% (397/648) | 26 (8, 57), n=693 | |||
| ≥2 | 47% (286/608) | 64% (154/240) | 36 (12, 72), n=244 | |||
| Not known | 54% (586/1093) | 63% (317/507) | 24 (8, 54), n=523 | |||
| Oxygen therapy at home at the time of assessment | ||||||
| Yes | 54% (318/590) | 0.008 <0.001 | 58% (153/265) | 0.24 0.48 | 26 (0, 60), n=263 | 0.72 0.84 |
| No | 59% (3971/6674) | 61% (2056/3347) | 25 (8, 53), n=3583 | |||
| Not known | 43% (64/149) | 60% (31/52) | 27 (8, 58), n=55 | |||
| Patient’s living arrangements | ||||||
| House/flat with other | 60% (2752/4593) | 0.003 0.001 | 62% (1450/2340) | 0.001 0.001 | 25 (8, 54), n=2470 | 0.94 0.97 |
| House/flat alone | 58% (1220/2100) | 59% (594/1013) | 25 (8, 53), n=1089 | |||
| Other | 47% (75/159) | 83% (48/58) | 23 (0, 63), n=62 | |||
| Not known | 55% (306/561) | 58% (148/253) | 24 (7, 50), n=280 | |||
| FEV1 | ||||||
| ≤0.92 | 59% (662/1128) | 0.04 <0.001 | 59% (340/579) | 0.13 0.19 | 25 (7, 54), n=586 | 0.25 0.40 |
| 0.93–1.27 | 64% (716/1115) | 60% (363/608) | 25 (8, 50), n=628 | |||
| 1.28–1.71 | 62% (690/1108) | 64% (375/588) | 23 (7, 50), n=636 | |||
| 1.72+ | 60% (653/1089) | 64% (363/566) | 25 (9, 56), n=590 | |||
| Not known | 55% (1632/2973) | 60% (799/1323) | 25 (8, 56), n=1461 | |||
| Body mass index | ||||||
| <21 | 55% (376/688) | <0.001 <0.001 | 53% (161/304) | 0.01 0.02 | 25 (7, 62), n=334 | 0.008 0.01 |
| 21–24 | 62% (712/1140) | 62% (373/601) | 22 (8, 48), n=638 | |||
| 25–29 | 63% (979/1544) | 63% (520/828) | 25 (10, 51), n=877 | |||
| 30–34 | 62% (540/865) | 65% (304/466) | 25 (8, 54), n=487 | |||
| 35 or above | 58% (381/661) | 61% (201/332) | 32 (12, 73), n=340 | |||
| Not known | 54% (1365/2515) | 60% (681/1133) | 25 (7, 50), n=1225 | |||
| Patient-reported MRC dyspnoea score at assessment | ||||||
| Grades 1/2 | 64% (760/1195) | <0.001 <0.001 | 55% (360/650) | 0.003 0.006 | 18 (6, 35), n=708 | <0.001 <0.001 |
| Grade 3 | 63% (1669/2656) | 62% (893/1435) | 23 (8, 48), n=1531 | |||
| Grade 4 | 56% (1302/2328) | 62% (690/1107) | 33 (10, 71), n=1139 | |||
| Grade 5 | 49% (312/643) | 67% (147/218) | 46 (15, 100), n=238 | |||
| Not known | 52% (310/591) | 59% (150/254) | 25 (10, 53), n=285 | |||
| ISWT/6MWT distance quartiles at initial assessment | ||||||
| 1. Worst quartile | 54% (898/1676) | <0.001 <0.001 | 62% (465/746) | 0.11 0.03 | 78 (33, 150), n=824 | |
| 2 | 61% (1087/1785) | 59% (551/931) | 33 (13, 59), n=1005 | |||
| 3 | 68% (1040/1538) | 64% (579/900) | 20 (5, 36), n=983 | <0.001 | ||
| 4. Best quartile | 69% (1137/1640) | 60% (595/988) | 14 (3, 25), n=1089 | |||
| No ISWT/6MWT | 25% (191/774) | 51% (50/99) | – | |||
| SGRQ total/CRQ average/CAT score quartiles at initial assessment | ||||||
| 1. Worst quartile | 51% (634/1247) | <0.001 <0.001 | 76% (466/617) | 40 (15, 86), n=571 | <0.001 <0.001 | |
| 2 | 62% (978/1584) | 70% (665/952) | 30 (11, 65), n=892 | |||
| 3 | 68% (950/1399) | 64% (586/920) | <0.001 | 22 (7, 46), n=864 | ||
| 4. Best quartile | 72% (1210/1690) | 45% (523/1175) | 19 (5, 38), n=1113 | |||
| No SGRQ/CRQ/CAT | 39% (581/1493) | – | 25 (7, 66), n=461 | |||
*χ2 test: first p values exclude not known, 2nd p value includes not known.
†Combined outcome with a MCID achieved in any of the following: for the SGRQ the MCID was a reduction of 4 points in the total score, for the CRQ the MCID was an increase of 0.5 points in the average of the four domain scores and for the CAT the MCID was a reduction of 2 points.
‡Mann-Whitney U test (2 groups) or Kruskal-Wallis test (>2 groups): first p values exclude not known, second p value includes not known.
§Any of atrial fibrillation, hypertension, heart failure, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, other cardiovascular.
6MWT, 6 min walk test; CAT, COPD Assessment Test; CRQ, Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire; IMD, Index of Multiple Deprivation; ISWT, Incremental Shuttle Walk test; MCID, minimum clinically important differences; MRC, Medical Research Council; PR, pulmonary rehabilitation; SGRQ, St George's Respiratory Questionnaire.