Quintiles (Q) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | p for trend | |
Total fruit and vegetable consumption, servings/day (median) | ||||||
<2.0 (1.4) | 2.0–2.9 (2.5) | 3.0–3.9 (3.4) | 4.0–5.2 (4.5) | ≥5.3 (6.6) | ||
Ever-smokers | ||||||
No. of cases/no. of men | 577/6115 | 375/5720 | 316/5537 | 267/5257 | 207/5223 | |
Age-adjusted SIR per 100 000 | 803 | 559 | 508 | 450 | 336 | |
Multivariable HR† | 1.00 | 0.83 (0.73–0.95) | 0.83 (0.72–0.96) | 0.75 (0.64–0.88) | 0.62 (0.52–0.73) | <0.0001 |
Current smokers | ||||||
No. of cases/no. of men | 376/3031 | 219/2273 | 163/2003 | 139/1829 | 98/1644 | |
Age-adjusted SIR per 100 000 | 1 166 | 884 | 765 | 715 | 546 | |
Multivariable HR† | 1.00 | 0.83 (0.70–0.99) | 0.80 (0.66–0.97) | 0.73 (0.59–0.90) | 0.60 (0.47–0.76) | <0.0001 |
Ex-smokers | ||||||
No. of cases/no. of men | 201/3084 | 156/3447 | 153/3534 | 128/3428 | 109/3579 | |
Age-adjusted SIR per 100 000 | 506 | 374 | 380 | 326 | 255 | |
Multivariable HR† | 1.00 | 0.84 (0.68–1.04) | 0.89 (0.71–1.10) | 0.78 (0.62–0.99) | 0.66 (0.51–0.85) | 0.001 |
Never-smokers | ||||||
No. of cases/no. of men | 60/ 5537 | 30/3281 | 25/3479 | 32/3596 | ||
Age-adjusted SIR per 100 000 | 84 | 77 | 63 | 70 | ||
Multivariable HR | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.67–1.65) | 0.82 (0.51–1.34) | 1.03 (0.64–1.64) | 0.78 | |
Fruit consumption, servings/day (median) | ||||||
<0.5 (0.3) | 0.5–0.7 (0.6) | 0.8–1.1 (1.0) | 1.2–1.8 (1.5) | ≥ 1.9 (2.5) | ||
Ever-smokers | ||||||
No. of cases/no. of men | 508/5866 | 374/6166 | 318/5496 | 298/5211 | 244/5113 | |
Age-adjusted SIR per 100 000 | 789 | 564 | 506 | 472 | 372 | |
Multivariable HR*† | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.76–1.00) | 0.87 (0.75–1.01) | 0.88 (0.76–1.03) | 0.73 (0.62–0.86) | 0.001 |
Current smokers | ||||||
No. of cases/no. of men | 336/2909 | 212/2517 | 182/2030 | 149/1689 | 116/1635 | |
Age-adjusted SIR per 100 000 | 1 133 | 854 | 820 | 805 | 582 | |
Multivariable HR*† | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.73–1.04) | 0.93 (0.77–1.12) | 0.93 (0.76–1.14) | 0.74 (0.58–0.93) | 0.03 |
Ex-smokers | ||||||
No. of cases/no. of men | 172/2957 | 162/3649 | 136/3466 | 149/3522 | 128/3478 | |
Age-adjusted SIR per 100 000 | 503 | 398 | 341 | 335 | 282 | |
Multivariable HR*† | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.70–1.08) | 0.81 (0.64–1.02) | 0.84 (0.67–1.07) | 0.73 (0.57–0.94) | 0.02 |
Never-smokers | ||||||
No. of cases/no. of men | 54/5140 | 23/3238 | 36/3647 | 34/3868 | ||
Age-adjusted SIR per 100 000 | 86 | 60 | 78 | 66 | ||
Multivariable HR* | 1.00 | 0.69 (0.42–1.14) | 0.90 (0.58–1.40) | 0.73 (0.45–1.16) | 0.35 | |
Vegetable consumption, servings/day (median) | ||||||
< 1.2 (0.8) | 1.2–1.8 (1.6) | 1.9–2.5 (2.2) | 2.6–3.5 (3.0) | ≥ 3.6 (4.6) | ||
Ever-smokers | ||||||
No. of cases/no. of men | 539/5873 | 385/5686 | 326/5475 | 268/5409 | 224/5409 | |
Age-adjusted SIR per 100 000 | 748 | 577 | 525 | 439 | 373 | |
Multivariable HR*† | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.81–1.07) | 0.93 (0.80–1.08) | 0.86 (0.73–1.01) | 0.78 (0.65–0.93) | 0.004 |
Current smokers | ||||||
No. of cases/no. of men | 354/2790 | 211/2250 | 174/2016 | 146/1928 | 110/1796 | |
Age-adjusted SIR per 100 000 | 1 136 | 864 | 810 | 713 | 585 | |
Multivariable HR*† | 1.00 | 0.83 (0.69–0.99) | 0.83 (0.68–1.01) | 0.81 (0.65–1.00) | 0.69 (0.54–0.87) | 0.003 |
Ex-smokers | ||||||
No. of cases/no. of men | 185/3083 | 174/3436 | 152/3459 | 122/3481 | 114/3613 | |
Age-adjusted SIR per 100 000 | 447 | 415 | 379 | 307 | 286 | |
Multivariable HR*† | 1.00 | 1.11 (0.89–1.38) | 1.11 (0.88–1.39) | 0.94 (0.73–1.21) | 0.92 (0.71–1.20) | 0.26 |
Never-smokers | ||||||
No. of cases/no. of men | 54/5856 | 37/3282 | 29/3406 | 27/3349 | ||
Age-adjusted SIR per 100 000 | 69 | 94 | 75 | 67 | ||
Multivariable HR* | 1.00 | 1.64 (1.06–2.54) | 1.39 (0.86–2.26) | 1.33 (0.79–2.24) | 0.29 |
Multivariable HR adjusted for age (years, continuous), education (less than high school, high school or university), body mass index (<18.5, 18.5–24.9, 25–29.9 or ≥30 kg/m2), total physical activity (MET×hour/day, quintiles), intake of energy (kcal/day, quintiles), alcohol consumption (g/day, quintiles) and modified recommended food score (scores, continuous) and non-recommended food score (scores, continuous).
*Fruits and vegetables were included in the same multivariable model.
†Additionally adjusted for pack-years of smoking (<20, 20–39 or ≥40 pack-years).
MET, metabolic equivalent of energy expenditure (kcal/kg×hour); SIR, standardised incidence rate.