Variable | LASSO coefficient* | OLS coefficient* (95% CI) | OLS p value |
---|---|---|---|
Baseline characteristics | |||
Age | −0.004 | −0.008 (−0.003 to −0.013) | 0.004 |
Female sex | −0.189 | −0.298 (−0.148 to −0.448) | <0.001 |
Hispanic/Latino ethnicity | −0.058 | −0.334 (−0.070 to −0.598) | 0.013 |
Resides at home with informal help† | −0.240 | −0.576 (−0.240 to −0.911) | <0.001 |
Requires professional help at home OR residence in healthcare facility† | −0.219 | −0.516 (−0.062 to −0.969) | 0.026 |
AIDS comorbidity | 0.346 | 0.778 (0.160 to 1.396) | 0.014 |
Pulmonary comorbidity | −0.001 | −0.144 (−0.382 to 0.095) | 0.24 |
Nadir respiratory rate | 0.003 | 0.012 (0 to 0.024) | 0.06 |
Lifestyle factors | |||
Current smoker status (at baseline) | −0.179 | −0.349 (−0.195 to −0.503) | <0.001 |
Body mass index (at baseline) | −0.011 | −0.019 (−0.010 to −0.028) | <0.001 |
Bolded p values are <0.05.
*Because of the Box-Cox transformation, we inverted the sign of coefficients to aid in interpretation. Positive coefficients are associated with better outcome.
†Reference category for this variable is ‘Resides at home with no help’.
LASSO, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (refers to the penalty used in penalised regression); OLS, ordinary least squares.