Demographic characteristics of patients
| Characteristic | Intervention group (n=90) | Usual care group (n=90) |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 74.9±7.9 | 74.6±8.6 |
| Gender (male) | 85 (94.4) | 87 (96.7) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 20.97±3.87 | 21.36±4.34 |
| Spirometry (post-bronchodilator) | ||
| FEV1 (L) | 0.96±0.38 | 0.92±0.35 |
| FVC (L) | 2.02±0.63 | 1.98±0.62 |
| FEV1% predicted normal | 46.7±18.3 | 44.2±14.7 |
| FVC % predicted normal | 70.5±19.6 | 68.7±16.9 |
| FEV1/FVC ratio | 47.4±11.3 | 46.9±11.6 |
| GOLD stage | ||
| I | 1 (1.1) | 2 (2.2) |
| II | 36 (40) | 28 (31.1) |
| III | 36 (40) | 45 (50) |
| IV | 17 (18.9) | 15 (16.7) |
| 6 min walk test (m) | 282±106 | 263±103 |
| St George's Questionnaire | ||
| Symptoms | 55.9±19.6 | 59.9±19.8 |
| Activities | 59.3±25.4 | 55.2±27.2 |
| Impacts | 36.8±21.1 | 36.7±20.8 |
| Total | 46.8±20.2 | 46.2±19.8 |
| Number of exacerbations in the past 12 months | 1.03±1.67 | 1.38±1.58 |
| Flu vaccination in the past 12 months | 46 (51.1) | 49 (54.4) |
| On long-term home oxygen | 8 (8.9) | 12 (13.3) |
| Smoking status | ||
| Current smokers | 13 (14.4) | 22 (24.4) |
| Ex-smokers | 77 (85.6) | 68 (75.6) |
| Pack-years | 47.5±27.1 | 53±28.9 |
| Charlson Index | 1.5±0.8 | 1.6±0.8 |
| MMRC | 2±0.8 | 2.1±0.8 |
| Medications | ||
| LABA | 22 (24.4) | 21 (23.3) |
| LAMA | 6 (6.7) | 5 (5.6) |
| ICS | 63 (70) | 63 (70) |
| Theophylline | 23 (25.6) | 25 (27.8) |
| Comorbidity | ||
| Hypertension | 31 (34.4) | 37 (41.1) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 6 (6.7) | 14 (15.6) |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 7 (7.8) | 13 (14.4) |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 9 (10.0) | 8 (8.9) |
| Heart failure | 8 (8.9) | 7 (7.8) |
| Old pulmonary TB | 14 (15.6) | 15 (16.7) |
Data are presented as mean±SD or number (%).
GOLD, global obstructive lung disease; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; LABA, long-acting β-agonist; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist (anticholinergic agent); MMRC, Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnoea Scale.