Variable | Multivariate Cox Regression Analysis | ||
---|---|---|---|
HR | 95% CI | P-value | |
Composite: exacerbationsa | 2.380 | 2.170, 2.611 | <0.0001 |
Elective secondary care contact | 1.445 | 1.305, 1.601 | <0.0001 |
Markers of COPD proactive planned care within primary care setting | 1.268 | 1.231, 1.305 | <0.0001 |
Reactive COPD care within primary care setting | 1.155 | 1.115, 1.198 | <0.0001 |
Composite: cardiovascularb | 1.150 | 1.025, 1.291 | 0.0175 |
Number of cough symptoms | 1.086 | 1.046, 1.128 | <0.0001 |
Number of short-acting bronchodilator prescriptions | 1.033 | 1.027, 1.038 | <0.0001 |
Age at index datec | 0.992 | 0.988, 0.995 | <0.0001 |
Sex (female) | 0.798 | 0.735, 0.867 | <0.0001 |
Diabetes | 0.685 | 0.530, 0.886 | 0.0039 |
AECOPD, acute exacerbation of COPD; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.
aExacerbations (COPD emergency admission or AECOPD or lower respiratory tract infection or oral corticosteroid + antibiotic)
bCombined comorbidity for cardiovascular risk (heart failure, congestive heart disease, hypertensive disease, cerebrovascular disease, atrial fibrillation)
cHR relative to change to every 1 year difference in age.