Comparison of clinical outcomes following pulmonary rehabilitation according to frailty status
| Not frail (n=69) | Prefrail (n=390) | Frail (n=115) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MRC | 0.1 (−0.3 to 0.5) | −0.5 (−0.7 to −0.4) | −1.4 (−1.1 to −1.7)*† | <0.001 |
| SMI (kg/m2) | 0.6 (0.5 to 1.1) | 0.5 (0.2 to 0.7) | 0.5 (0.1 to 0.8) | 0.90 |
| Handgrip (kg) | −0.2 (−1.2 to 0.9) | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.5) | 1.6 (1.0 to 2.3)* | 0.002 |
| Peak QMVC (kg) | 2.7 (1.1 to 4.3) | 1.9 (1.2 to 2.5) | 1.8 (0.8 to 2.7) | 0.55 |
| Below QMVC cut-point (%) | 6.4 (−1.4 to 14.1) | −21.74 (−17.7 to −25.3) | −36.6 (−24.8 to −46.9)*† | <0.001 |
| 4MGS (m/s) | 0.08 (0.05 to 0.12) | 0.07 (0.05 to 0.08) | 0.11 (0.09 to 0.14) | 0.004 |
| ISWT (m) | 17.8 (−21.7 to 57.3) | 51.8 (24.4 to 79.2) | 145.9 (108.6 to 183.2)*† | <0.001 |
| CRQ dyspnoea score | 3.8 (1.4 to 6.2) | 4.4 (3.3 to 5.4) | 6.8 (5.0 to 8.5) | 0.006 |
| CRQ fatigue score | −0.8 (−3.2 to 1.5) | 3.1 (2.1 to 4.0) | 6.1 (4.6 to 7.7)*† | <0.001 |
| CRQ emotional score | −0.5 (−2.6 to 3.7) | 4.0 (2.4 to 5.6) | 8.6 (5.6 to 11.5)*† | <0.001 |
| CRQ mastery score | 0.7 (−1.1 to 2.4) | 3.1 (2.1 to 4.1) | 5.2 (3.4 to 6.9)*† | <0.001 |
| Self-reported weekly energy expenditure (kcal) | 1276.0 (714.1 to 1838.0) | 606.2 (390.0 to 822.5) | 767.1 (546.4 to 987.8) | 0.08 |
| Self-reported time in moderate activity (min/week) | 417.5 (184.7 to 650.4) | 137.0 (75.2 to 198.9) | 190.3 (127.4 to 253.3) | 0.006 |
| CAT score | 0.4 (−1.4 to 2.1) | −1.3 (−2.7 to 0.2) | −7.3 (−9.7 to −4.8)*† | <0.001 |
| Katz score | 0.0 (−0.1 to 0.1) | 0.0 (−0.1 to 0.1) | 0.1 (−0.1 to 0.3) | 0.73 |
| HADS anxiety | −0.3 (−2.0 to 1.4) | −1.0 (−1.7 to −0.3) | −2.8 (−4.4 to −1.2)* | <0.001 |
| HADS depression | 0.9 (−0.2 to 2.1) | −0.8 (−1.4 to −0.1) | −2.9 (−4.0 to −1.7)*† | <0.001 |
Values are mean change (95% CI) pre-to-post rehabilitation.
*Statistically different to non-frail group.
†Statistically different to prefrail group—tested if ANCOVA p value <0.003 following Bonferroni adjustment for multiple testing.
4MGS, 4-m gait speed; ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; BMI, body mass index; CAT, COPD Assessment Test; CRQ, Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale; ISWT, incremental shuttle walk test; kcal, kilocalorie; MRC, Medical Research Council; QMVC, quadriceps maximum voluntary contraction; SMI, skeletal muscle mass index.