Sociodemographic and clinical characteristic of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant TB cases across all study sites and mortality rates (n=737)
| Total | Mortality | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | N | % | Person-years | Deaths | Rate; 95% CI | |
| Demographic factors | ||||||
| Age group (years) | ||||||
| 15–29 | 109 | 737 | 15 | 294 | 13 | 4.42 (2.57 to 7.62) |
| 30–39 | 148 | 737 | 20 | 451 | 37 | 8.20 (5.94 to 11.31) |
| 40–49 | 192 | 737 | 26 | 532 | 62 | 11.66 (9.09 to 14.96) |
| 50–59 | 196 | 737 | 27 | 576 | 72 | 12.50 (9.92 to 15.75) |
| ≥60 | 92 | 737 | 12 | 221 | 43 | 19.46 (14.43 to 26.24) |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 581 | 737 | 79 | 1575 | 195 | 12.38 (10.76 to 14.25) |
| Female | 156 | 737 | 21 | 499 | 32 | 6.41 (4.53 to 9.06) |
| Living settings | ||||||
| Urban | 499 | 737 | 68 | 1405 | 149 | 10.61 (9.04 to 12.46) |
| Rural | 238 | 737 | 32 | 670 | 78 | 11.65 (9.33 to 14.54) |
| Social factors | ||||||
| Employment | ||||||
| Unemployed | 481 | 736 | 65 | 1394 | 173 | 12.41 (10.69 to 14.4) |
| Retired | 71 | 736 | 10 | 182 | 31 | 17.00 (11.96 to 24.17) |
| Employed | 184 | 736 | 25 | 495 | 23 | 4.65 (3.09 to 6.99) |
| Homelessness | ||||||
| Homeless | 54 | 737 | 7 | 144 | 17 | 11.79 (7.33 to 18.97) |
| Have home | 683 | 737 | 93 | 1930 | 210 | 10.88 (9.5 to 12.46) |
| Substance abuse* | ||||||
| Smoking | ||||||
| Yes | 434 | 570 | 76 | 1229 | 152 | 12.37 (10.55 to 14.5) |
| No | 136 | 570 | 24 | 363 | 27 | 7.44 (5.1 to 10.85) |
| Alcohol abuse | ||||||
| Yes | 421 | 731 | 58 | 1182 | 170 | 14.38 (12.37 to 16.71) |
| No | 310 | 731 | 42 | 868 | 53 | 6.10 (4.66 to 7.99) |
| Recreational drugs | ||||||
| Yes | 37 | 719 | 5 | 98 | 11 | 11.23 (6.22 to 20.29) |
| No | 682 | 719 | 95 | 1928 | 208 | 10.79 (9.42 to 12.36) |
| Co-morbidities† | ||||||
| HIV | ||||||
| Negative | 510 | 737 | 69 | 1463 | 141 | 9.64 (8.17 to 11.37) |
| Positive | 20 | 737 | 3 | 33 | 10 | 30.51 (16.41 to 56.7)‡ |
| Not tested | 207 | 737 | 28 | 579 | 76 | 13.14 (10.49 to 16.45) |
| Condition other than HIV † | ||||||
| Yes | 37 | 737 | 5 | 81 | 22 | 27.10 (17.84 to 41.16)‡ |
| No | 700 | 737 | 95 | 1993 | 205 | 10.29 (8.97 to 11.8) |
| Disease characteristics | ||||||
| New or retreatment case | ||||||
| New case | 336 | 737 | 46 | 732 | 79 | 10.79 (8.65 to 13.45) |
| Retreatment case | 401 | 737 | 54 | 1342 | 148 | 11.03 (9.39 to 12.96) |
| Pulmonary or extrapulmonary | ||||||
| Pulmonary only | 705 | 737 | 96 | 2010 | 212 | 10.55 (9.22 to 12.07) |
| Both pulmonary and extrapulmonary | 32 | 737 | 4 | 64 | 15 | 23.47 (14.15 to 38.94)‡ |
| Drug resistance pattern§ | ||||||
| MDR | 395 | 705 | 56 | 1031 | 113 | 10.96 (9.12 to 13.18) |
| MDR+FQres | 43 | 705 | 6 | 149 | 15 | 10.06 (6.07 to 16.69) |
| MDR+INJres | 186 | 705 | 26 | 510 | 52 | 10.19 (7.77 to 13.37) |
| XDR | 81 | 705 | 11 | 307 | 36 | 11.73 (8.46 to 16.26) |
| Presence of cavities | ||||||
| Yes | 456 | 732 | 62 | 1278 | 149 | 11.66 (9.93 to 13.69) |
| No | 276 | 732 | 38 | 785 | 77 | 9.81 (7.85 to 12.27) |
| Smear positivity at diagnosis | ||||||
| Yes | 573 | 737 | 78 | 380 | 28 | 7.37 (5.09 to 10.67) |
| No | 164 | 737 | 22 | 337 | 31 | 9.19 (6.46 to 13.06) |
| Unsuccessful treatment outcome in the past | ||||||
| Yes | 216 | 401 | 54 | 885 | 92 | 10.40 (8.48 to 12.75) |
| No | 185 | 401 | 46 | 457 | 56 | 12.26 (9.43 to 15.93) |
*Alcohol excess and recreational drug use were determined by physicians and reported as stated in patients’ case histories according to nationally accepted breakdown categorisation.
†Including hepatitis B, hepatitis C, chronic liver condition, other immunocompromised conditions (including autoimmune disorders), cancer.
‡Highest mortality rates >20.
§MDR, multidrug resistance, no additional resistance to FQs or second-line injectable agents; XDR, extensive drug resistance; INJres, resistance to second-line injectable agents; FQres, resistance to fluoroquinolones.