Logistic regression ORs (95% CI) per 10 μg/m3 for black smoke exposure in 1971 and mortality in subsequent decades
| Decade of outcome | (i) Unadjusted (age and sex only) | (ii) Adjusted (age, sex, social class, area-level deprivation, region, population density) |
|---|---|---|
| All-cause mortality excluding accidents | ||
| 1972–2009 | 1.07 (1.07 to 1.08) | 1.03 (1.02 to 1.05) |
| 1972–1981 | 1.10 (1.08 to 1.11) | 1.05 (1.02 to 1.08) |
| 1982–1991 | 1.09 (1.08 to 1.10) | 1.03 (1.01 to 1.06) |
| 1992–2001 | 1.07 (1.07 to 1.08) | 1.04 (1.02 to 1.05) |
| 2002–2009 | 1.05 (1.05 to 1.06) | 1.02 (1.01 to 1.04) |
| Cardiovascular mortality | ||
| 1972–2009 | 1.08 (1.07 to 1.09) | 1.03 (1.01 to 1.05) |
| 1972–1981 | 1.11 (1.09 to 1.13) | 1.03 (0.99 to 1.08) |
| 1982–1991 | 1.10 (1.09 to 1.12) | 1.04 (1.01 to 1.07) |
| 1992–2001 | 1.08 (1.07 to 1.09) | 1.04 (1.01 to 1.06) |
| 2002–2009 | 1.05 (1.04 to 1.06) | 1.01 (0.98 to 1.04) |
| Respiratory mortality | ||
| 1972–2009 | 1.11 (1.10 to 1.12) | 1.07 (1.04 to 1.10) |
| 1972–1981 | 1.12 (1.09 to 1.16) | 1.10 (1.02 to 1.18) |
| 1982–1991 | 1.14 (1.12 to 1.17) | 1.05 (0.99 to 1.12) |
| 1992–2001 | 1.10 (1.08 to 1.12) | 1.08 (1.04 to 1.13) |
| 2002–2009 | 1.09 (1.07 to 1.11) | 1.05 (1.01 to 1.09) |
Source: Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study (authors’ own work).