ORs describing the association between any and major congenital malformations and moderate and severe asthma exacerbations during the first trimester of pregnancy
| Any congenital malformation | Major congenital malformation | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
| Level of asthma exacerbation | ||||
| Severe exacerbations (hospitalisation for asthma) | 1.73 (1.07 to 2.78) | 1.64 (1.02 to 2.64) | 1.84 (1.03 to 3.28) | 1.70 (0.95 to 3.02) |
| Moderate exacerbations (ED visit and no hospitalisation for asthma) | 0.98 (0.83 to 1.16) | 0.97 (0.82 to 1.14) | 1.12 (0.92 to 1.37) | 1.10 (0.90 to 1.35) |
| Reference group (no hospitalisation and no ED visit for asthma) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Age* (years) | ||||
| <18 | 1.01 (0.83 to 1.24) | 1.00 (0.82 to 1.22) | 1.02 (0.79 to 1.31) | 0.97 (0.75 to 1.25) |
| 18–34 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| >34 | 0.97 (0.87 to 1.08) | 0.96 (0.86 to 1.07) | 1.07 (0.93 to 1.22) | 1.05 (0.92 to 1.20) |
| Drug insurance status* | ||||
| Publicly insured women without social welfare | 0.97 (0.89 to 1.05) | 0.96 (0.88 to 1.04) | 0.96 (0.87 to 1.06) | 0.95 (0.86 to 1.06) |
| Publicly insured women with social welfare | 1.12 (1.03 to 1.22) | 1.11 (1.02 to 1.21) | 1.30 (1.17 to 1.45) | 1.28 (1.15 to 1.43) |
| Privately insured women | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Area of residence* | ||||
| Urban | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Rural | 1.16 (1.06 to 1.26) | 1.16 (1.06 to 1.26) | 1.15 (1.04 to 1.28) | 1.16 (1.04 to 1.29) |
| Missing | 0.79 (0.54 to 1.16) | 0.79 (0.54 to 1.16) | 0.77 (0.46 to 1.28) | 0.77 (0.47 to 1.28) |
| Multiple pregnancy | 2.39 (1.98 to 2.89) | 2.40 (1.99 to 2.90) | 3.14 (2.54 to 3.87) | 3.13 (2.54 to 3.87) |
| Diabetes mellitus† | 1.19 (0.97 to 1.45) | 1.14 (0.94 to 1.40) | 1.36 (1.06 to 1.73) | 1.27 (1.01 to 1.60) |
| Epilepsy† | 1.51 (1.04 to 2.20) | 1.48 (1.01 to 2.15) | 1.66 (1.05 to 2.63) | 1.56 (0.99 to 2.47) |
| Chronic hypertension† | 1.18 (0.98 to 1.43) | 1.17 (0.97 to 1.41) | 1.30 (1.04 to 1.64) | 1.27 (0.99 to 1.62) |
*At the start of pregnancy.
†Identified from diagnoses recorded in the databases within 1 year of the onset of pregnancy or during the first trimester of pregnancy.
ED, emergency department.