Characteristics of study cohorts: Leicestershire Flag-4 registered immigrants and foreign-born tuberculosis (TB) cases
| WHO TB incidence per 100 000 population | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | <150 | 150–499 | ≥500 | Sig* (p-value) | |
| Flag-4 registered immigrants | |||||
| N registrations (% of total) | 59007 | 30569 (51.8) | 25800 (43.7) | 2638 (4.5) | – |
| Gender | |||||
| Male (%) | 30752 (52) | 15387 (50) | 14025 (54) | 1340 (51) | <0.001* |
| Age at primary care registration | |||||
| <16 years (%) | 10515 (18) | 6327 (21) | 3474 (14) | 714 (27) | <0.001* |
| 16–35 years (%) | 37323 (63) | 20297 (66) | 15813 (61) | 1213 (46) | |
| ≥36 years (%) | 11169 (19) | 3945 (13) | 6513 (25) | 711 (27) | |
| Ranked top 5 countries of origin | India Poland China Zimbabwe Somalia | Poland China Slovakia France Germany | India Somalia Pakistan Nigeria Bangladesh | Zimbabwe South Africa Sierra Leone Botswana Swaziland | – |
| Mean age UK entry, years (SD) | 25.0 (±13.4) | 22.7 (±11.9) | 27.8 (±14.3) | 24.4 (±14.9) | <0.001† |
| Interval UK entry to registration, median days (IQR) | 181 (25–950) | 164 (26–787) | 176 (22–1090) | 619 (90–1883) | <0.001‡ |
| Foreign-born TB cases | |||||
| N cases (% of total) | 857 | 54 (6.3) | 711 (83.0) | 92 (10.7) | <0.001 |
| Gender | |||||
| Male (%) | 429 (50) | 24 (44) | 364 (51) | 41 (45) | <0.001* |
| WHO geographical region | |||||
| African (%) | 186 (21) | 4 (8) | 90 (12) | 92 (100) | <0.001* |
| Eastern Mediterranean (%) | 145 (17) | 11 (20) | 134 (19) | 0 | |
| European (%) | 15 (2) | 15 (28) | 0 | 0 | |
| SE Asia (%) | 486 (57) | 13 (24) | 473 (67) | 0 | |
| West Pacific (%) | 24 (3) | 11 (20) | 13 (2) | 0 | |
| Ethnic group | |||||
| Indian subcontinent (%) | 498 (58) | 6 (11) | 489 (69) | 3 (3) | <0.001* |
| Black (%) | 224 (26) | 14 (26) | 130 (18) | 80 (87) | |
| White (%) | 128 (15) | 4 (7) | 2 (<1) | 0 | |
| Other (%) | 6 (1) | 30 (56) | 89 (13) | 9 (10) | |
| Age at primary care registration (%)§ | |||||
| <16 years (%) | 48 (6) | 7 (15) | 30 (4) | 11 (13) | <0.001* |
| 16–35 years (%) | 542 (67) | 33 (69) | 460 (68) | 49 (56) | |
| ≥36 years (%) | 220 (27) | 8 (16) | 185 (28) | 27 (31) | |
| Interval from UK entry to registration, median days (IQR)¶ | 541 (42–1654) | 283 (20–1082) | 509 (32–1603) | 1534 (292–2285) | <0.001‡ |
| Age at TB diagnosis | |||||
| <16 years (%) | 27 (3) | 5 (9) | 15 (2) | 7 (8) | 0.004* |
| 16–35 years (%) | 570 (67) | 36 (67) | 476 (67) | 58 (63) | |
| ≥36 years (%) | 259 (30) | 13 (24) | 219 (31) | 27 (29) | |
| Disease type | |||||
| Non-pulmonary (%) | 496 (58) | 26 (48) | 427 (60) | 43 (47) | 0.035* |
| Pulmonary smear positive (%) | 103 (12) | 11 (20) | 78 (11) | 14 (15) | |
| Pulmonary smear negative (%) | 257 (30) | 17 (32) | 205 (29) | 35 (38) | |
| HIV result | |||||
| Positive (%)** | 84 (13) | 3 (8) | 25 (5) | 56 (65) | <0.0001* |
| Unknown (%)†† | 233 (27) | 16 (30) | 211 (30) | 6 (7) | |
*Statistical significance evaluated using χ2 test.
†Statistical significance evaluated using one-way analysis of variance.
‡Statistical significance evaluated using Kruskal–Wallis test.
§Analysis restricted to primary care registered foreign-born TB (N=810).
¶Analysis restricted to Flag-4 registered foreign-born TB (N=458).
**% of tested.
††% of total.