Baseline characteristics according to seasonally adjusted plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D quintiles for the Copenhagen City Heart Study and the Copenhagen General Population Study
| Seasonally adjusted plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D quintiles | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st (lowest) | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th (highest) | Trend, p value* | |
| Copenhagen City Heart Study | n=2024 | n=2024 | n=2022 | n=2023 | n=2023 | |
| Men, % | 46 | 45 | 43 | 44 | 41 | 0.001 |
| Age, years | 59 (50–65) | 59 (50–65) | 58 (49–65) | 58 (48–65) | 57 (47–64) | <0.001 |
| Ever smokers, % | 85 | 81 | 79 | 79 | 77 | <0.001 |
| Current smokers, % | 69 | 61 | 56 | 52 | 52 | <0.001 |
| Former smokers, % | 16 | 20 | 23 | 27 | 26 | <0.001 |
| Current tobacco consumption†, g/day | 12 (8–16) | 12 (8–16) | 12 (8–16) | 12 (8–16) | 12 (8–16) | <0.001 |
| Cumulative tobacco consumption, pack-years | 24 (11–34) | 20 (6–35) | 19 (4–32) | 18 (3–32) | 17 (2–32) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25 (23–29) | 25 (23–28) | 25 (23–28) | 25 (22–27) | 24 (22–26) | <0.001 |
| High physical activity, % | 31 | 34 | 35 | 38 | 36 | <0.001 |
| High income‡, % | 16 | 19 | 23 | 25 | 27 | <0.001 |
| Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D, nmol/L | 16 (13–19) | 29 (26–32) | 41 (38–44) | 54 (50–58) | 75 (68–87) | <0.001 |
| Copenhagen General Population Study | n=1679 | n=1678 | n=1678 | n=1678 | n=1678 | |
| Men, % | 50 | 53 | 48 | 42 | 42 | <0.001 |
| Age, years | 55 (47–64) | 55 (46–66) | 56 (47–66) | 57 (47–66) | 55 (45–65) | 0.44 |
| Ever smokers, % | 71 | 65 | 61 | 60 | 60 | <0.001 |
| Current smokers, % | 42 | 28 | 24 | 23 | 23 | <0.001 |
| Former smokers, % | 29 | 37 | 37 | 38 | 37 | <0.001 |
| Current tobacco consumption†, g/day | 16 (10–18) | 12 (8–16) | 12 (6–16) | 12 (6–16) | 12 (8–16) | <0.001 |
| Cumulative tobacco consumption, pack-years | 13 (0–32) | 6 (0–24) | 3 (0–21) | 4 (0–20) | 3 (0–19) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27 (24–30) | 26 (24–29) | 26 (23–28) | 25 (23–28) | 24 (22–27) | <0.001 |
| High physical activity, % | 30 | 34 | 32 | 33 | 38 | <0.001 |
| High income‡, % | 6 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | <0.001 |
| Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D, nmol/L | 20 (15–26) | 33 (28–40) | 43 (39–50) | 55 (49–61) | 76 (67–87) | <0.001 |
Note that continuous variables are summarised as median and IQR.
*p Values were calculated using Cuzick's non-parametric trend test.
†Summarised for current smokers only, not the whole population.
‡High income was defined differently in the two cohorts corresponding to approximately top 20% in Copenhagen City Heat Study and top 10% in the Copenhagen General Population Study.