Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with tuberculosis and controls
| Characteristic | Tuberculosis (N=4139), n (%) | Control (N=20 583), n (%) | p Value* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | Matched | ||||
| Male | 2778 (67.1) | 13 823 (67.2) | |||
| Female | 1361 (32.9) | 6760 (32.8) | |||
| Age† | Matched | ||||
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 67 (54, 75) | 67 (54, 75) | |||
| 20–29 | 99 (2.4) | 490 (2.4) | |||
| 30–39 | 190 (4.6) | 969 (4.7) | |||
| 40–49 | 454 (11.0) | 2241 (10.9) | |||
| 50–59 | 633 (15.3) | 3170 (15.4) | |||
| 60–69 | 971 (23.5) | 4844 (23.5) | |||
| 70–79 | 1262 (30.5) | 6395 (31.1) | |||
| ≥80 | 530 (12.8) | 2474 (12.0) | |||
| Respiratory diseases‡ | <0.001 | ||||
| Asthma | 427 (10.3) | 2352 (11.4) | |||
| COPD | 1175 (28.4) | 7034 (34.2) | |||
| Bronchiectasis | 293 (7.1) | 938 (4.6) | |||
| TB sequelae | 195 (4.7) | 364 (1.8) | |||
| Others§ | 2049 (49.5) | 9895 (48.1) | |||
| Other comorbidities¶ | |||||
| Malignancy (C00–C97) | 380 (9.2) | 2065 (10.0) | 0.09 | ||
| Diabetes (E10–E14) | 353 (8.5) | 2324 (11.3) | <0.001 | ||
| Chronic renal failure (N17–N19) | 95 (2.3) | 735 (3.6) | <0.001 | ||
| Silicosis (J62) | 4 (0.1) | 6 (0.0) | 0.07 | ||
| Malabsorption (K90, K91) | 4 (0.1) | 37 (0.2) | 0.23 | ||
| HIV/AIDS (B20–B24) | 0 | 4 (0.0) | 1.00 | ||
| Transplantation (Z94) | 0 | 2 (0.0) | 1.00 | ||
| ICS use** | |||||
| Cumulative dose (μg) | <0.001 | ||||
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 25 250 (7500, 60 000) | 15 000 (3000, 30 000) | |||
| Total days of use | <0.001 | ||||
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 49 (25, 120) | 30 (9, 60) | <0.001 | ||
| Never user | 2967 (71.7) | 14 345 (69.7) | 0.01 | ||
| OCS use†† | |||||
| Cumulative dose (mg) | <0.001 | ||||
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 1200 (415, 2960) | 595 (255, 1500) | |||
| Total days of use | <0.001 | ||||
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 21 (8, 52) | 9 (5, 24) | |||
| Never user | 3236 (78.2) | 16 337 (79.4) | 0.09 |
*p Values were derived from independent t test for continuous variables and χ2 test (others) or Fisher's exact test (Silicosis, HIV/AIDS, transplantation) for categorical variables, respectively.
†Age at initiation date.
‡Within follow-up period. Summarised based on the diagnosis at the top of the lists of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th edition (ICD-10) codes of respiratory diseases.
§Includes interstitial lung diseases, rheumatoid lung diseases and sarcoidosis.
¶Within follow-up period.
**Fluticasone equivalent.
††Hydrocortisone equivalent.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; OCS, oral corticosteroid; TB, tuberculosis.