Exposure | Current wheeze | Severe asthma | Rhino conjunctivitis | Severe rhino conjunctivitis | Eczema | Severe eczema |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Butter | ||||||
1or2×wk | 0.96 (0.91 to 1.01) | 0.98 (0.90 to 1.05) | 1.00 (0.94 to 1.05) | 1.09 (0.89 to 1.33) | 0.99 (0.93 to 1.04) | 0.89 (0.77 to 1.04) |
≥3×wk | 0.99 (0.94 to 1.05) | 1.00 (0.93 to 1.08) | 0.98 (0.92 to 1.04) | 1.08 (0.87 to 1.34) | 0.96 (0.91 to 1.02) | 1.04 (0.88 to 1.22) |
Cereals | ||||||
1or2×wk | 0.95 (0.86 to 1.05) | 0.95 (0.83 to 1.09) | 1.04 (0.94 to 1.16) | 0.92 (0.69 to 1.24) | 0.98 (0.89 to 1.08) | 0.91 (0.73 to 1.12) |
≥3×wk | 0.93 (0.84 to 1.02) | 0.83 (0.72 to 0.95) | 0.97 (0.88 to 1.08) | 0.89 (0.67 to 1.19) | 1.00 (0.91 to 1.10) | 0.83 (0.67 to 1.02) |
Eggs | ||||||
1or2×wk | 0.80 (0.75 to 0.85) | 0.73 (0.67 to 0.80) | 0.82 (0.76 to 0.88) | 0.68 (0.54 to 0.84) | 0.78 (0.73 to 0.84) | 0.67 (0.56 to 0.81) |
≥3×wk | 0.76 (0.70 to 0.81) | 0.74 (0.67 to 0.82) | 0.82 (0.76 to 0.89) | 0.71 (0.57 to 0.90) | 0.76 (0.71 to 0.82) | 0.68 (0.56 to 0.82) |
Fast food | ||||||
1or2×wk | 1.08 (1.03 to 1.13) | 1.08 (1.01 to 1.15) | 1.00 (0.95 to 1.05) | 0.86 (0.73 to 1.01) | 1.04 (0.99 to 1.09) | 1.02 (0.90 to 1.17) |
≥3×wk | 1.17 (1.08 to 1.27) | 1.27 (1.13 to 1.42) | 1.20 (1.11 to 1.31) | 1.32 (1.04 to 1.68) | 1.04 (0.95 to 1.14) | 1.30 (1.05 to 1.61) |
Fruit | ||||||
1or2×wk | 0.96 (0.88 to 1.05) | 0.94 (0.83 to 1.08) | 0.88 (0.80 to 0.96) | 0.72 (0.56 to 0.93) | 0.96 (0.88 to 1.05) | 0.82 (0.66 to 1.03) |
≥3×wk | 0.87 (0.80 to 0.95) | 0.86 (0.76 to 0.97) | 0.83 (0.76 to 0.91) | 0.56 (0.44 to 0.72) | 0.90 (0.82 to 0.98) | 0.78 (0.63 to 0.96) |
Margarine | ||||||
1or2×wk | 0.98 (0.92 to 1.03) | 0.95 (0.88 to 1.04) | 1.06 (1.00 to 1.12) | 0.95 (0.77 to 1.16) | 1.00 (0.95 to 1.06) | 1.07 (0.92 to 1.25) |
≥3×wk | 1.00 (0.95 to 1.06) | 1.02 (0.94 to 1.11) | 1.11 (1.04 to 1.18) | 0.96 (0.76 to 1.20) | 1.01 (0.95 to 1.07) | 1.06 (0.89 to 1.26) |
Meat | ||||||
1or2×wk | 0.86 (0.79 to 0.95) | 0.84 (0.74 to 0.96) | 0.88 (0.80 to 0.96) | 0.63 (0.49 to 0.81) | 0.87 (0.80 to 0.96) | 0.79 (0.64 to 0.98) |
≥3×wk | 0.86 (0.78 to 0.94) | 0.82 (0.72 to 0.93) | 0.87 (0.79 to 0.96) | 0.66 (0.51 to 0.85) | 0.85 (0.78 to 0.93) | 0.70 (0.56 to 0.87) |
Milk | ||||||
1or2×wk | 0.88 (0.80 to 0.96) | 0.89 (0.78 to 1.02) | 0.88 (0.79 to 0.97) | 0.81 (0.61 to 1.08) | 0.80 (0.73 to 0.88) | 0.81 (0.64 to 1.02) |
≥3×wk | 0.83 (0.76 to 0.90) | 0.76 (0.68 to 0.86) | 0.77 (0.71 to 0.85) | 0.71 (0.55 to 0.91) | 0.73 (0.67 to 0.79) | 0.61 (0.49 to 0.75) |
Nuts | ||||||
1or2×wk | 0.90 (0.86 to 0.95) | 0.96 (0.89 to 1.03) | 0.93 (0.88 to 0.97) | 0.76 (0.64 to 0.90) | 0.87 (0.82 to 0.91) | 0.88 (0.77 to 1.02) |
≥3×wk | 0.86 (0.79 to 0.94) | 1.02 (0.91 to 1.14) | 0.96 (0.88 to 1.05) | 1.12 (0.87 to 1.45) | 0.90 (0.82 to 0.99) | 1.10 (0.88 to 1.37) |
Pasta | ||||||
1or2×wk | 0.96 (0.90 to 1.03) | 0.93 (0.85 to 1.02) | 0.96 (0.89 to 1.03) | 0.72 (0.56 to 0.91) | 0.95 (0.89 to 1.02) | 0.92 (0.77 to 1.10) |
≥3×wk | 0.96 (0.89 to 1.03) | 0.97 (0.87 to 1.08) | 1.02 (0.94 to 1.11) | 0.93 (0.72 to 1.20) | 1.00 (0.93 to 1.08) | 1.15 (0.94 to 1.40) |
Potato | ||||||
1or2×wk | 0.96 (0.89 to 1.03) | 0.94 (0.85 to 1.04) | 0.91 (0.85 to 0.97) | 0.94 (0.78 to 1.13) | 0.92 (0.86 to 0.98) | 0.84 (0.71 to 0.98) |
≥3×wk | 0.97 (0.90 to 1.05) | 0.99 (0.88 to 1.10) | 0.90 (0.84 to 0.97) | 1.07 (0.86 to 1.34) | 0.92 (0.85 to 0.99) | 0.88 (0.73 to 1.06) |
Pulses | ||||||
1or2×wk | 0.93 (0.88 to 0.98) | 0.95 (0.87 to 1.03) | 0.93 (0.87 to 0.98) | 0.73 (0.61 to 0.87) | 0.89 (0.84 to 0.95) | 0.84 (0.71 to 0.98) |
≥3×wk | 0.94 (0.88 to 1.00) | 1.02 (0.93 to 1.11) | 0.95 (0.88 to 1.02) | 0.88 (0.72 to 1.08) | 0.90 (0.84 to 0.96) | 1.08 (0.91 to 1.28) |
Rice | ||||||
1or2×wk | 0.98 (0.91 to 1.05) | 0.95 (0.86 to 1.06) | 0.97 (0.90 to 1.05) | 0.61 (0.48 to 0.78) | 0.98 (0.90 to 1.06) | 0.90 (0.72 to 1.12) |
≥3×wk | 0.96 (0.89 to 1.04) | 0.98 (0.87 to 1.10) | 1.05 (0.96 to 1.14) | 0.76 (0.59 to 0.98) | 1.01 (0.93 to 1.11) | 0.93 (0.74 to 1.17) |
Seafood | ||||||
1or2×wk | 0.90 (0.86 to 0.95) | 0.88 (0.82 to 0.94) | 0.96 (0.91 to 1.01) | 0.77 (0.65 to 0.92) | 0.92 (0.87 to 0.97) | 0.87 (0.76 to 1.00) |
≥3×wk | 0.88 (0.82 to 0.94) | 0.83 (0.75 to 0.93) | 0.95 (0.88 to 1.02) | 0.95 (0.76 to 1.20) | 0.92 (0.85 to 0.99) | 0.90 (0.75 to 1.09) |
Vegetables | ||||||
1or2×wk | 0.89 (0.83 to 0.95) | 0.88 (0.80 to 0.97) | 0.91 (0.84 to 0.97) | 0.68 (0.54 to 0.84) | 0.94 (0.88 to 1.01) | 0.87 (0.73 to 1.04) |
≥3×wk | 0.88 (0.82 to 0.94) | 0.88 (0.80 to 0.97) | 0.92 (0.86 to 0.99) | 0.70 (0.57 to 0.86) | 0.93 (0.87 to 0.99) | 0.86 (0.73 to 1.02) |
Statistically significant inverse associations are identified by bold italic text and statistically significant positive associations are identified by bold text.
Adjusted for region, gender, language, Gross National Income, exercise, television viewing, maternal education and current maternal smoking.
*Frequent consumption of foods ‘once or twice per week’ and ‘≥3 times per week’ in relation to ‘never or only occasionally’ as the base category.