Table 2

Crude and adjusted† ORs from multivariable analysis of having COPD and a previous diagnoses of CVD, stroke or DM in different strata of smoking status and age in years

Comorbid diseases		Crude OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
			Age (years)
			35–44	45–54	55–64	65–74	≥75
CVD	Summary	4.98 (4.85 to 5.81)
	Never smokers		7.7 (1.9 to 31.5)	3.8 (1.9 to 7.4)	3.4 (2.5 to 4.5)	2.2 (1.9 to 2.5)	2.3 (2.1 to 2.5)
	Ex-smokers		†	3.4 (1.9 to 6.2)	2.1 (1.8 to 2.6)	1.7 (1.6 to 1.9)	1.4 (1.3 to 1.5)
	Current smokers		6.8 (4.1 to 11.3)	2.8 (2.4 to 3.4)	2.2 (2.1 to 2.4)	1.6 (1.5 to 1.7)	1.6 (1.5 to 1.7)
	Unknown		^*	34.6 (4.4 to 268.6)	4.3 (1.1 to 17.9)	6.3 (3.3 to 12.0)	4.0 (3.0 to 5.3)
Stroke	Summary	3.34 (3.21 to 3.48)
	Never smokers		3.7 (0.5 to 26.5)	2.4 (0.8 to 7.6)	1.4 (0.8 to 2.5)	1.6 (1.2 to 2.0)	1.0 (0.9 to 1.2)
	Ex-smokers		^*	2.4 (0.8 to 7.7)	1.5 (1.0 to 2.1)	1.1 (1.0 to 1.3)	0.9 (0.8 to 1.0)
	Current smokers		5.1 (2.6 to 9.9)	2.2 (1.7 to 3.0)	2.0 (1.7 to 2.2)	1.2 (1.1 to 1.3)	1.0 (0.9 to 1.1)
	Unknown		111.6 (14.2 to 877.9)	69.9 (14.8 to 329.1)	3.3 (0.4 to 24.0)	3.3 (1.3 to 8.3)	2.5 (1.8 to 3.5)
DM	Summary	2.04 (1.97 to 2.12)
	Never smokers		2.1 (0.8 to 5.7)	2.4 (1.5 to 4.0)	1.7 (1.2 to 2.3)	1.3 (1.0 to 1.5)	0.9 (0.8 to 1.1)
	Ex-smokers		^*	1.1 (0.5 to 2.3)	1.0 (0.8 to 1.3)	0.9 (0.8 to 1.0)	0.8 (0.7 to 0.9)
	Current smokers		2.4 (1.6 to 3.6)	1.4 (1.2 to 1.7)	1.1 (1.0 to 1.2)	0.8 (0.8 to 0.9)	0.7 (0.7 to 0.8)
	Unknown		^*	^*	6.0 (2.1 to 16.8)	2.4 (1.0 to 5.7)	1.8 (1.1 to 2.8)

↵* Unable to calculate as too few observations.
↵† CVD adjusted for sex; stroke and DM adjusted for sex and previous CVD.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DM, diabetes mellitus.