Table 4

Logistic regression ORs (95% CI) per 10 μg/m3 for PM10 exposure in 2001 and mortality in 2002–2009 adjusted for past black smoke (BS) exposure

2002–2009(i) Unadjusted (age and sex only)(ii) Adjusted (age, sex, social class, area-level deprivation, region, population density)Sensitivity analysis: adjusted (age, sex, social class, area-level deprivation, region, population density and lung cancer)
All-cause mortality excluding accidents
 PM10 20011.37 (1.29 to 1.45)1.24 (1.16 to 1.34)1.24 (1.15 to 1.33)
 PM10 2001+BS 19711.27 (1.19 to 1.35)1.26 (1.17 to 1.37)1.23 (1.14 to 1.32)
 PM10 2001+BS 19811.25 (1.17 to 1.33)1.19 (1.11 to 1.28)1.19 (1.10 to 1.28)
 PM10 2001+BS 19911.29 (1.21 to 1.38)1.20 (1.11 to 1.29)1.19 (1.11 to 1.28)
 PM10 2001+BS all years1.18 (1.11 to 1.26)1.21 (1.11 to 1.31)1.16 (1.07 to 1.25)
Cardiovascular mortality
 PM10 20011.25 (1.14 to 1.37)1.12 (1.01 to 1.25)1.12 (1.01 to 1.25)
 PM10 2001+BS 19711.16 (1.06 to 1.27)1.12 (1.01 to 1.25)1.12 (1.00 to 1.24)
 PM10 2001+BS 19811.15 (1.03 to 1.27)1.09 (0.98 to 1.22)1.09 (0.97 to 1.22)
 PM10 2001+BS 19911.18 (1.07 to 1.29)1.08 (0.97 to 1.20)1.07 (0.96 to 1.20)
 PM10 2001+BS all years1.09 (0.98 to 1.20)1.06 (0.95 to 1.19)1.06 (0.94 to 1.19)
Respiratory mortality
 PM10 20011.55 (1.35 to 1.77)1.23 (1.05 to 1.45)1.22 (1.04 to 1.44)
 PM10 2001+BS 19711.36 (1.19 to 1.57)1.22 (1.04 to 1.43)1.21 (1.03 to 1.42)
 PM10 2001+BS 19811.38 (1.20 to 1.59)1.18 (1.00 to 1.39)1.17 (0.99 to 1.38)
 PM10 2001+BS 19911.50 (1.31 to 1.72)1.21 (1.02 to 1.42)1.20 (1.02 to 1.41)
 PM10 2001+BS all years1.33 (1.14 to 1.54)1.18 (0.99 to 1.40)1.17 (0.98 to 1.39)
  • Source: Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study (authors’ own work).