Characteristics of the patients, care bundle receipt and bundle elements received
| Admission bundle n=3272 | Discharge bundle n=2263 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Whole group | No bundle N=2576 | Bundle N=515 | p Value | Whole group | No bundle N=1547 | Bundle N=659 | p Value | ||
| Male | 1608 (49.1%) | 1346 (52.3%) | 231 (44.9%) | 0.002 | Male | 1088 (48.2%) | 750 (48.5%) | 311 (47.2%) | 0.60 |
| Age | 72.2 (64.5–79.6) | 72.3 (64.7–79.4) | 71.2 (64.0–80.0) | 0.12 | Age | 72 (64–79) | 72 (64–79) | 71 (65–78) | 0.22 |
| LOS (days) | 5 (2–9) | 5 (2–9) | 5 (2–8) | 0.36 | LOS (days) | 5 (2–9) | 5 (2–9) | 5 (3–9) | 0.05 |
| Discharged from ED/AMU | 317 (9.7%) | 245 (9.5%) | 54 (10.5%) | 0.50 | Discharged from ED/AMU | 184 (8.6%) | 131 (8.5%) | 59 (9.0%) | 0.72 |
| Outcome | 0.72 | ||||||||
| Discharged | 2391 (77.7%) | 1917 (74.4%) | 355 (68.9%) | ||||||
| EDS | 543 (17.7%) | 424 (16.5%) | 73 (14.2%) | ||||||
| Died | 142 (4.6%) | 114 (4.4%) | 24 (4.7%) | ||||||
| Diagnostic assessment | 1365 (41.7%) | 1071 (41.6%) | 233 (45.2%) | 0.13 | Treatment bundle* | 819 (36.2%) | 311 (20.1%) | 490 (74.4%) | <0.01 |
| Oxygen management | 3024 (92.4%) | 2384 (92.5%) | 470 (91.3%) | 0.32 | SM bundle* | 643 (28.4%) | 198 (12.8%) | 425 (64.5%) | <0.01 |
| Acidosis management | 1117 (34.1%) | 872 (33.9%) | 184 (35.7%) | 0.41 | Smoking bundle* | 1673 (73.9%) | 1034 (66.8%) | 593 (90.0%) | <0.01 |
| Treatment within 4 h | 1555 (47.5% | 1241 (48.2%) | 231 (44.9%) | 0.17 | PR bundle* | 531 (23.5%) | 208 (13.4%) | 310 (47.0%) | <0.01 |
| Respiratory review <24 h | 1295 (37.6%) | 973 (37.8%) | 243 (47.2%) | <0.01 | Follow-up contact | 1166 (51.9%) | 500 (32.3%) | 502 (76.2%) | <0.01 |
| Time to antibiotics (min) | 148 (68–280) | 157 (80–285) | 95 (22–210) | 0.012 | Smoking cessation referral | <0.01 | |||
| Done | 120 (5.5%) | 57 (3.7%) | 55 (8.3%) | ||||||
| NA | 1293 (59.4%) | 851 (55.0%) | 408 (61.9%) | ||||||
| Declined | 260 (11.9%) | 126 (8.1%) | 130 (19.7%) | ||||||
| Time to resp review (h) | 17.0 (7.0–36.0) | 17.7 (7.3–39.3) | 15.4 (7.2–47.1) | 0.030 | Pulm rehab | <0.01 | |||
| Assessed | 770 (34.0%) | 434 (28.1%) | 336 (51.0%) | ||||||
| Referred | 320 (14.1%) | 133 (8.6%) | 178 (27.0%) | ||||||
| NA | 151 (6.8%) | 83 (5.4%) | 65 (9.9%) | ||||||
| Declined | 315 (13.9%) | 93 (6.0%) | 192 (29.1%) | ||||||
| Done Rehab before | 180 (8.1%) | 93 (6.0%) | 85 (12.9%) | ||||||
*‘bundle’ refers to the relevant element of the discharge bundle. Data are shown as n (%) or median (IQR). Significant differences between bundle and no bundle groups are highlighted by a p value in bold type. For 181 admission bundle patients and 59 discharge bundle patients, their bundle receipt status was not entered by the managing team.
AMU, acute medical unit; ED, emergency department; EDS, early discharge scheme; LOS, length of stay; NA, not applicable; PR, pulmonary rehabilitation; SM, self-management.