Summary of findings
| Illustrative comparative risks (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Psychological intervention/comparison | Outcomes | Assumed risk—control group(s) | Corresponding risk—intervention group(s) | Number of participants (studies) |
| 1) Cognitive behavioural ‘Nutritional intervention plus behavioural management training compared with nutritional intervention alone’ (children aged 4–12 years, group setting) | Secondary: Total calories consumed per day post-intervention | The mean ranged across control groups from 1316 to 2315 calories. | The mean in the intervention groups was 275.8 calories higher (66.65–485.05 higher) | 82 (3 studies) |
| Change in calorie intake pre and post treatment | The mean ranged across control groups from 303.9 to 489 calories | The mean in the intervention groups was 364.06 calories higher (191.99–536.13 higher) | 82 (3 studies) | |
| Percentage of estimated energy requirements (%EER) post intervention | The mean in the control group was 127% | The mean in the intervention group was 21% higher (7.76–34.24 higher) | 67 (1 study) | |
| Change in %EER pre and post treatment | The mean of change in the control group was 27% | The mean of change in the intervention group was 21% higher (9.22–32.78 higher) | 67 (1 study) | |
| 2) Cognitive ‘Decision aid for patients considering lung transplantation compared with usual care’ (patients with advanced CF considering referral for lung transplantation, individual setting) | Secondary: Participants’ knowledge four-item questionnaire (range 0–4) 3-week follow-up | The mean score of participants’ knowledge in the control group was 1.974 | The mean score of participants’ knowledge in the intervention group was 0.98 higher (0.66–1.31 higher) | 149 (1 study) |
| Participants’ knowledge—change in knowledge week 3—baseline | The mean in the control group was 0.3 | The mean in the intervention group was 0.94 higher (0.53–1.35 higher) | 149 (1 study) | |
| Patient expectations two-item questionnaire (range 0–2) 3-week follow-up | The mean in the control group was 0.58 | The mean in the intervention group was 0.73 higher (0.51–0.95 higher) | 149 (1 study) | |
| Patient expectations—change in expectation score week 3—baseline | The mean in the control group was 0.05 | The mean in the intervention group was 0.66 higher (0.37–0.95 higher) | 149 (1 study) | |
| Decisional conflict—total score range 0–100 (low decisional conflict to high decisional conflict) 3-week follow-up | The mean in the control group was 20.4 | The mean in the intervention group was 8.8 lower (13.7–3.9 lower) | 149 (1 study) | |
| 3) Other interventions ‘Biofeedback-assisted breathing re-training compared with biofeedback-assisted relaxation training’ (individuals with CF; 10–41 years; individual setting) | Primary: Pulmonary function— FEV1 expressed in litres | The mean in the control group was 0.78 | The mean in the intervention group was 0.54 higher (0.15–0.93 higher) | 24 (1 study) |
| Pulmonary function— forced expiratory flow 25%–75% expressed in litres per second | The mean in the control group was 1.39 | The mean in the intervention group was 0.67 higher (0.1–1.24 higher) | 26 (1 study) | |
| 4) Other interventions ‘Massage therapy compared with bedtime reading control’ (children and adolescents with CF aged 5–18 years; individual setting) | Primary: Pulmonary function— peak expiratory flow rate Follow-up day 30 | The mean in the control group was 244 | The mean in the intervention group was 53.9 higher (43.27 lower to 151.07 higher) | 20 (1 study) |
| Parent anxiety—State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; range 0–80; higher scores=more anxiety) | The mean score in the control group was 40 | The mean in the intervention group was 9.1 lower (17.84–0.36 lower) | 20 (1 study) | |
| Child anxiety— State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC; ranges from 0 to 80 with a higher score reflecting more anxiety) | The mean child anxiety score in the control group was 32.9 | The mean child anxiety score in the intervention group was 8.2 lower (12.36–4.04 lower) | 20 (1 study) | |
This table is based on a Cochrane Review published by Goldbeck et al.4
The basis for the assumed risk (eg, the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% CI) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI).
CF, cystic fibrosis.