Participant demographics based on existence of pulmonary cysts
| No pulmonary cysts (N=2433) | Pulmonary cysts (N=200) | p value*† | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 58.9±12.0 (range 34.0–92.0) | 63.0±12.0 (range 40.1–89.8) | <0.001 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 1229 (51) | 96 (49) | 0.5 |
| Body mass index‡ | 28.6±5.4 (N=2420) | 27.1±4.7 | <0.001 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |||
| Never | 1188 (49) | 80 (40) | 0.1 |
| Former | 1088 (45) | 108 (54) | 0.2 |
| Current | 150 (6) (N=2426) | 12 (6) | 0.7 |
| Pack-years | 17.9±18.1 (N=1238) | 19.8±17.6 (N=120) | 0.9 |
| Coronary artery calcium score§ | 190.2±530.9 (N=2303) | 167.9±344.7 (N=188) | 0.006 |
| Respiratory symptoms, n (%) | |||
| Chronic cough | 168 (7) | 8 (4) | 0.8 |
| Shortness of breath with minor exertion | 273 (11) | 18 (9) | 0.051 |
Plus–minus values are mean±SD.
*p values were calculated with the use of mixed effect models or generalised estimation equations to account for familial relationships in the Framingham Heart Study, as described previously.15
†p values for body mass index, smoking status, pack-years, coronary artery calcium score and respiratory symptoms were adjusted for age and sex. In addition, the result for coronary artery calcium score was adjusted for the presence of emphysema; the results for respiratory symptoms were adjusted for smoking status and pack-years.
‡The body mass index is the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in metres.
§Coronary artery calcium scores were calculated by the Agatston method.27