Within-group and between-group comparison for induced sputum cellularity, FeNO, clinical control, health-related quality of life, aerobic capacity and pulmonary function of patients with asthma
| Control group (n=21) | Training group (n=22) | Treatment effect | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcomes | Before | Mean (95% CI) within-group difference | p Value time | Before | Mean (95% CI) within-group difference | p Value time | Mean (95% CI) between-group difference | p Value treatment |
| Clinical Control | ||||||||
| Asthma symptom-free days | 15.3 (11.0) | −2.5 (6.2 to 1.2) | 0.180 | 12.0 (11.2) | −4.3 (−8.4 to −0.2) | 0.042 | 0.1 (−7.2 to 7.3) | 0.987 |
| ACQ-7 | 1.6 (0.9) | 0.1 (−2.1 to 0.5) | 0.395 | 1.4 (1.2) | 0.2 (−0.2 to 0.5) | 0.267 | 0.2 (−0.3 to 0.7) | 0.457 |
| ACQ-6 | 1.5 (1.0) | 0.1 (−2.8 to 0.6) | 0.502 | 1.2 (1.2) | 0.2 (−0.2 to −0.6) | 0.236 | 0.3 (0.3 to 0.8) | 0.327 |
| AQLQ | ||||||||
| Overall | 4.2 (1.1) | −0.3 (−0.8 to 0.2) | 0.259 | 4.6 (1.4) | −0.7 (−1.9 to 0.2) | 0.005 | −0.9 (−1.7 to −0.1) | 0.034 |
| Activity limitation domain | 3.8 (0.9) | −0.2 (−0.8 to 0.4) | 0.433 | 4.3 (1.3) | −0.8 (−1.2 to −0.3) | 0.002 | −1.1 (−1.8 to −0.3) | 0.009 |
| Symptoms domain | 4.8 (1.5) | −0.2 (−0.9 to 0.4) | 0.469 | 5.1 (1.5) | −0.6 (−1.1 to 0.0) | 0.053 | −0.7 (−1.5 to 0.1) | 0.091 |
| Emotional function domain | 4.1 (1.9) | −0.6 (−1.6 to 0.4) | 0.250 | 4.6 (1.8) | −1.0 (−1.6 to −0.3) | 0.005 | −0.9 (−2.0 to 0.1) | 0.084 |
| Environmental stimuli domain | 3.7 (1.8) | −0.5 (−1.5 to 0.6) | 0.359 | 4.5 (2.0) | −0.6 (−1.3 to 0.2) | 0.118 | −0.9 (−2.0 to 0.3) | 0.140 |
| Induced sputum | ||||||||
| Total cell (106/mL) median (25th–75th) | 0.9 (0.1–1.4) | −0.8 (−1.5 to 0.2) | 0.055 | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.6) | 0.2 (−0.44 to 0.77) | 0.583 | 0.6 (−0.6 to 1.7) | 0.333 |
| Eosinophils (%) median (25th–75th) | 6.1 (0.25–14.9) | −7.9 (−17.7 to 1.8) | 0.106 | 10.1 (1.6 to 21.9) | −0.6 (−8.8 to 7.6) | 0.881 | −8.8 (−2.0 to 0.3) | 0.648 |
| Neutrophils (%) median (25th–75th) | 33.8 (22.1–66.2) | 3.4 (−6.9 to 13.7) | 0.500 | 37.4 (16.7 to 57.5) | 1.6 (−12.6 to 15.7) | 0.821 | 1.7 (−13.1 to 16.6) | 0.816 |
| Lymphocytes (%) median (25th–75th) | 0.0 (0.0–0.1) | 0.9 (−2.7 to 4.4) | 0.620 | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.8) | −1.2 (−2.9 to 0.4) | 0.137 | −1.0 (−2.8 to 0.7) | 0.251 |
| Macrophages (%) median (25th–75th) | 40.5 (11.1–73.1) | 1.4 (−9.8 to 12.5) | 0.799 | 43.4 (25.7 to 65.2) | −0.9 (−16.1 to 14.4) | 0.907 | −6.7 (−22.7 to 9.2) | 0.248 |
| FeNO (ppb) median (25th–75th) | 26.7 (22.5–38.9) | −5.9 (−5,8 to 4.6) | 0.815 | 32.0 (21.1 to 44.8) | 4.5 (−0.7 to 9.7) | 0.087 | 4.4 (−5.9 to 14.7) | 0.397 |
| Exercise capacity | ||||||||
| Aerobic capacity (VO2max mL/kg/min) | 25.5 (5.9) | 2.4 (−0.2 to 4.5) | 0.053 | 27.0 (4.2) | −1.0 (−2.4 to 0.5) | 0.182 | −4.8 (−8.9 to −0.8) | 0.019 |
| Maximal workload (watts) | 202.8 (67.3) | −3.3 (−25.4 to 18.9) | 0.762 | 190.3 (32.3) | −57.1 (−73.1 to −41.1) | <0.001 | −44.1 (−83.4 to −4.8) | 0.029 |
| Pulmonary function | ||||||||
| FEV1, (L) | 2.00 (0.7) | −0.1 (−0.2 to 0.1) | 0.471 | 2.1 (0.76) | 0.00 (−0.1 to 0.1) | 0.952 | −0.0 (−0.5 to 0.4) | 0.930 |
| FEV1 % predicted | 66.3 (19.0) | −2.3 (−8.6 to 3.9) | 0.447 | 69.0 (21.0) | −1.1 (−4.8 to 2.6) | 0.546 | 2.5 (−11.5 to 16.5) | 0.721 |
Data are means (SDs) unless otherwise stated.
ACQ, Asthma Control Questionnaire; AQLQ, Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire; FeNO, fractional exhaled nitric oxide.