Baseline characteristics of study population
| OSA-negative (n=3 056 272) | OSA-positive without treatment (n=21 764) | OSA-positive with treatment (n=1478) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 61±14 | 59±11 | 57±10 |
| Gender (male) | 2 840 692 (93) | 20 932 (96) | 1421 (96) |
| Outcomes | |||
| Death | 671 645 (22) | 5996 (28) | 323 (22) |
| Incident CHD event* | 68 268 (2) | 2537 (12) | 167 (12) |
| Incident stroke event† | 50 333 (2) | 1601 (8) | 122 (9) |
| New CKD | 290 037 (10) | 5486 (25) | 434 (29) |
| Race | |||
| White | 2 153 744 (79) | 17 020 (80) | 1082 (74) |
| African-American | 465 810 (17) | 3402 (16) | 333 (23) |
| Hispanic | 63 138 (2) | 413 (2) | 16 (1) |
| Other race | 57 445 (2) | 410 (2) | 25 (2) |
| Marital status | |||
| Married | 1 606 708 (55) | 10 341 (50) | 735 (52) |
| Single | 335 237 (11) | 2112 (10) | 166 (12) |
| Divorced | 749 305 (26) | 6858 (33) | 435 (31) |
| Widow | 229 756 (8) | 1538 (7) | 77 (5) |
| Other sociodemographic | |||
| Income (USD) | 22 849 (11 522–36 929) | 20 327 (11 563–31 104) | 19 881 (11 805–30 893) |
| Service connection | 1 154 717 (38) | 11 208 (51) | 778 (53) |
| Baseline eGFR (mL/min./1.73 m2) | 84±15 | 85±15 | 87±16 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.3±4.9 | 32.0±5.8 | 33.1±5.4 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension | 1 763 151 (58) | 15 881 (73) | 1124 (76) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 674 318 (22) | 8675 (40) | 644 (44) |
| Cardiovascular disease‡ | 333 638 (11) | 4105 (19) | 308 (21) |
| Congestive heart failure | 121 312 (4) | 2691 (12) | 202 (14) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 186 119 (6) | 1910 (9) | 146 (10) |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 164 507 (5) | 1959 (9) | 140 (9) |
| Chronic lung disease | 524 645 (17) | 6592 (30) | 450 (30) |
| Dementia | 27 440 (0.9) | 190 (0.9) | 12 (0.8) |
| Rheumatological disease | 42 154 (1.4) | 370 (1.7) | 30 (2.0) |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 56 591 (1.8) | 502 (2.3) | 34 (2.3) |
| Liver disease | 37 795 (1.2) | 411 (1.9) | 22 (1.5) |
| All malignancies | 327 064 (11) | 2296 (11) | 138 (9) |
| AIDS/HIV | 19 958 (0.6) | 104 (0.5) | 5 (0.3) |
| Depression | 249 958 (8) | 3325 (15) | 294 (20) |
Dichotomous/dummy variables are presented as number of patients and percentage; continuous variables are presented as mean±SD or median (IQR).
*In cardiovascular disease-free (see below) patients at baseline.
†In stroke disease-free patients at baseline.
‡Cardiovascular disease was defined as acute myocardial infraction, angina, coronary artery disease, previous coronary artery bypass grafting or percutaneous coronary intervention.
BMI, body mass index; CHD, coronary heart disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; OSA, obstructive sleep apnoea.