Adjusted OR (aOR) for independent predictors associated with risk of different severity of COPD defined by lower limits of normal in male and female ever-smokers
| Variables | COPD mild | COPD moderate-severe | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Men | Women | All | Men | Women | |
| Age, +70 years (vs 40–49 years) | 3.01* (1.66 to 5.46) | 4.19* (1.75 to 10.0) | 2.23 (0.96 to 5.21) | 11.58* (6.58 to 20.4) | 11.27* (5.01 to 25.4) | 12.64* (5.48 to 29.2) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.95* (0.92 to 0.98) | 0.94 (0.89 to 0.99) | 0.95* (0.91 to 0.99) | 0.99 (0.96 to 1.01) | 0.97 (0.93 to 1.02) | 0.99 (0.96 to 1.02) |
| Current smoking (vs former) | 1.73* (1.15 to 2.62) | 2.52* (1.34 to 4.71) | 1.33 (0.76 to 2.32) | 2.89* (2.04 to 4.10) | 3.61* (2.04 to 6.38) | 2.53* (1.61 to 3.98) |
| Pack years 20+ (vs 0–10) | 2.52* (1.53 to 4.14) | 2.58* (1.18 to 5.61) | 2.52* (1.31 to 4.83) | 3.57* (2.26 to 5.62) | 2.82* (1.43 to 5.58) | 4.16* (2.24 to 7.73) |
| Education (# years) | 1.00 (0.96 to 1.05) | 1.02 (0.95 to 1.10) | 0.98 (0.91 to 1.05) | 0.94* (0.90 to 0.98) | 0.94* (0.86 to 0.99) | 0.93* (0.88 to 0.99) |
| Asthma (yes/no) | 2.51* (1.67 to 3.76) | 2.74* (1.41 to 5.33) | 2.25* (1.33 to 3.82) | 3.82* (2.72 to 5.35) | 4.58* (2.64 to 7.95) | 3.22* (2.08 to 4.96) |
Data are aORs and 95% CI. Adjustment made for all other covariates in the table plus sex (for ‘all’ cohorts), exposures to organic dust, inorganic dust, gases/vapours, biomass cooking ≥10 years, biomass heating ≥10 years and childhood hospitalisation for respiratory illness, HD/HT/DM and tuberculosis.
*Significant on 5% level (all variables shown in online supplementary table X3).
†Calculated based on six sites with available biomass data.
BMI, body mass index; HD/HT/DM, heart disease/ systemic hypertension/diabetes mellitus.