Characteristics of patients according to emergency status within 72 h
| Characteristics | Emergency 72 h (N=140) | Non-emergency (N=3287) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, median (range) | 69 (19–90) | 67 (18–102) | 0.047 |
| Male sex, N (%) | 92 (66) | 2002 (61) | 0.25 |
| Height (cm), median (range) | 170 (147–198) | 172 (133–202) | 0.4 |
| Weight (kg), median (range) | 75 (37–180) | 76 (30–217) | 0.94 |
| Body mass index, median (range) | 25 (12–61) | 26 (12–85) | 0.75 |
| Smoker, N (%) | 41 (29) | 905 (28) | 0.48 |
| Antibiotics within 4 weeks, N (%) | 21 (15) | 766 (23) | 0.02 |
| Influenza vaccination, N (%) | 47 (34) | 1191 (36) | 0.84 |
| Pneumococcal vaccination, N (%) | 14 (10) | 438 (13) | 0.34 |
| Clinical findings at presentation | |||
| Focal chest signs, N (%) | 127 (91) | 2655 (81) | 0.003 |
| Cough, N (%) | 123 (88) | 2951 (90) | 0.46 |
| Purulent sputum, N (%) | 76 (54) | 1743 (53) | 0.77 |
| Fever, N (%) | 82 (59) | 2145 (65) | 0.1 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Chronic respiratory disease, N (%) | 46 (33) | 941 (29) | 0.28 |
| Home oxygen therapy, N (%) | 32 (23) | 214 (7) | <0.001 |
| Extrapulmonary comorbidity, N (%) | 98 (70) | 1974 (60) | 0.02 |
| Congestive heart failure, N (%) | 41 (29) | 619 (19) | 0.002 |
| Other chronic heart disease, N (%) | 54 (39) | 1296 (39) | 0.84 |
| Chronic renal disease, N (%) | 24 (17) | 321 (10) | 0.004 |
| Chronic liver disease, N (%) | 5 (4) | 90 (3) | 0.56 |
| Malignant disease, N (%) | 13 (9) | 331 (10) | 0.76 |
| Cerebrovascular disease, N (%) | 11 (8) | 208 (6) | 0.47 |
| Other chronic neurological disease, N (%) | 11 (8) | 145 (4) | 0.06 |
| Diabetes mellitus, N (%) | 34 (24) | 601 (18) | 0.07 |
| Gastric tube feeding, N (%) | 5 (4) | 6 (0) | <0.001 |
| Nursing home residency, N (%) | 11 (8) | 100 (3) | 0.002 |
| Vital signs | |||
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg), median (IQR) | 123 (35) | 130 (29) | 0.028 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg), median (IQR) | 70 (22) | 73 (15) | <0.001 |
| Respiratory rate, median (IQR) | 24 (8) | 20 (6) | <0.001 |
| Heart rate, median (IQR) | 98 (28) | 90 (21) | <0.001 |
| Temperature (°C), median (IQR) | 37.5 (1.6) | 37.8 (1.7) | 0.009 |
| Multilobar infiltrate, N (%) | 61 (44) | 809 (25) | <0.001 |
| Pleural effusion, N (%) | 31 (22) | 558 (17) | 0.1 |
| Altered mental status, N (%) | 25 (18) | 179 (5) | <0.001 |
| CRB-65 score, mean | 1.5 | 0.9 | <0.001 |
| CURB-65 score, mean | 2.1 | 1.2 | <0.001 |
| PSI score risk class, mean | 3.3 | 2.5 | <0.001 |
| 30-Day mortality, N (%) | 24 (17) | 87 (3) | <0.001 |
| 180-Day mortality, N (%) | 34 (24) | 196 (6) | <0.001 |
Significant p values are shown in bold.
CRB-65, C, mental confusion; R, respiratory rate ≥30/min; B, systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≤60 mm Hg; 65, age ≥65 years); CURB, C, confusion, U, blood urea nitrogen ≥20 mg/dL, R, respiratory rate ≥30/min, B, systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≤60 mm Hg; PSI, Pneumonia Severity Index.