Results of the single and multivariable Cox regression analysis of all-cause mortality in the national HIV cohort (n=44 050) 2000–2008, England, Wales and Northern Ireland
| Characteristic | Number | HR (unadjusted) | 95% CI | Hazard ratio (adjusted) | 95% CI | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TB-HIV | ||||||
| Yes | 3188 | 2.663 | 2.368 to 2.995 | 4.774 | 4.114 to 5.540 | <0.001 |
| No | 40 862 | 1.000 | ||||
| Site of TB disease | ||||||
| Pulmonary TB | 1821 | 2.440 | 2.091 to 2.847 | 4.316 | 3.604 to 5.169 | <0.001 |
| Extrapulmonary TB | 945 | 2.606 | 2.129 to 3.19 | 4.918 | 3.922 to 6.168 | <0.001 |
| Miliary TB or TB meningitis | 333 | 4.113 | 3.103 to 5.451 | 6.961 | 5.096 to 9.509 | <0.001 |
| No TB | 40 862 | 1.000 | ||||
| Earliest CD4 | ||||||
| CD4 <100 | 8604 | 4.939 | 4.398 to 5.547 | 3.532 | 2.983 to 4.182 | <0.001 |
| CD4 100–199 | 6189 | 2.032 | 1.747 to 2.364 | 2.789 | 2.317 to 3.356 | <0.001 |
| CD4 200–349 | 10 214 | 1.180 | 1.011 to 1.377 | 1.822 | 1.538 to 2.159 | <0.001 |
| CD4 >350 | 19 043 | 1.000 | ||||
| AIDS (excl. TB) | ||||||
| Yes | 3625 | 8.490 | 7.748 to 9.302 | 7.380 | 6.456 to 8.436 | <0.001 |
| No | 40 425 | 1.000 | ||||
| Age at HIV diagnosis (years) | ||||||
| 15–24 | 4937 | 0.720 | 0.579 to 0.894 | 0.887 | 0.706 to 1.115 | 0.3 |
| 25–34 | 18 190 | 1.000 | ||||
| 35–44 | 14 102 | 1.713 | 1.527 to 1.921 | 1.586 | 1.404 to 1.792 | <0.001 |
| 45–54 | 4903 | 2.736 | 2.389 to 3.133 | 2.215 | 1.911 to 2.568 | <0.001 |
| >55 | 1918 | 5.215 | 4.478 to 6.073 | 3.580 | 3.021 to 4.242 | <0.001 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 17 363 | 0.672 | 0.609 to 0.742 | 0.745 | 0.659 to 0.841 | <0.001 |
| Male | 26 687 | 1.000 | ||||
| Start of ART (if CD4<350) | ||||||
| Never on ART | 2836 | 5.850 | 5.134 to 6.666 | 5.875 | 4.759 to 7.252 | <0.001 |
| ART start >365 days | 4712 | 0.532 | 0.442 to 0.639 | 1.328 | 1.133 to 1.558 | <0.001 |
| ART start 91–365 days | 5483 | 1.150 | 1.000 to 1.322 | 1.618 | 1.410 to 1.857 | <0.001 |
| ART start <91 days | 11 693 | 1.000 | ||||
| ART interruption (if ever on ART) | ||||||
| No | 28 759 | 0.996 | 0.842 to 1.177 | 0.598 | 0.503 to 0.712 | <0.001 |
| Yes | 3488 | 1.000 | ||||
| Probable route of exposure | ||||||
| Injecting drug use | 734 | 3.794 | 3.034 to 4.744 | 3.701 | 2.907 to 4.713 | <0.001 |
| Heterosexual sex | 26 506 | 1.160 | 1.048 to 1.285 | 1.212 | 1.052 to 1.396 | 0.008 |
| Blood/blood products recipient | 136 | 1.320 | 0.626 | 2.782 | ||
| Mother-to-child transmission | 22 | 1.673 | 0.235 | 11.898 | ||
| MSM | 15 235 | 1.000 | ||||
| Region of birth | ||||||
| Western non-UK | 2742 | 0.650 | 0.527 to 0.800 | 0.727 | 0.586 to 0.901 | 0.004 |
| SSA | 17 987 | 0.696 | 0.630 to 0.769 | 0.808 | 0.702 to 0.930 | 0.003 |
| Other | 2948 | 0.648 | 0.532 to 0.789 | 0.707 | 0.574 to 0.870 | 0.001 |
| UK | 11 760 | 1.000 | ||||
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Black-Caribbean | 1510 | 0.860 | 0.663 | 1.114 | ||
| Black-African | 19 729 | 0.828 | 0.751 | 0.913 | ||
| Black-Other/Black-Unspecified | 883 | 0.634 | 0.426 | 0.943 | ||
| Indian/Pakistani/Bangladeshi | 548 | 0.909 | 0.601 | 1.375 | ||
| Other/mixed | 1663 | 0.581 | 0.429 | 0.786 | ||
| Other Asian/Oriental | 738 | 0.722 | 0.481 | 1.083 | ||
| Not known | 704 | 2.984 | 2.318 | 3.840 | ||
| White | 18 275 | 1.000 | ||||
| MDR-TB | ||||||
| Yes | 27 | 3.330 | 1.470 | 7.544 | ||
| No | 1685 | 1.000 | ||||
| INH-resistant TB | ||||||
| Yes | 128 | 1.599 | 0.992 to 2.577 | |||
| No | 1757 | 1.000 | ||||
| Year of HIV diagnosis | ||||||
| 2000 | 2729 | 1.000 | ||||
| 2001 | 3673 | 0.872 | 0.718 to 1.058 | |||
| 2002 | 4432 | 0.971 | 0.803 to 1.174 | |||
| 2003 | 5341 | 0.839 | 0.690 tot 1.019 | |||
| 2004 | 5828 | 0.896 | 0.737 to 1.090 | |||
| 2005 | 5996 | 0.907 | 0.741 to 1.111 | |||
| 2006 | 5429 | 0.901 | 0.725 to 1.120 | |||
The baseline patient is characterised as a UK-born MSM aged 25–34 years who had a timely start on ART, ART interruptions, is not TB coinfected and has a CD4 count of ≥350 cells/μL at diagnosis.
ART, antiretroviral combination therapy; MSM, men who have sex with men; SSA, sub-Saharan Africa; MDR-TB, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; INH, isoniazid.