ORs for TB and NTM disease according to anti-rheumatic medication use
| TB | NTM disease | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure | TB cases N=37 | TB controls N=363 | Crude OR (95% CI) | p Value | Adjusted* OR (95% CI) | p Value | NTM cases N=211 | NTM controls N=2071 | Crude OR (95% CI) | p Value | Adjusted* OR (95% CI) | p Value |
| Anti-TNF use | ||||||||||||
| No use | 31 (84) | 350 (96) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 194 (92) | 1997 (96) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||||
| Past use | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | N/A | N/A | NR | 7 (0.3) | 2.94 (0.61 to 14.2) | 0.18 | 1.09 (0.15 to 8.09) | 0.93 | ||
| Current use | 6 (16) | 13 (4) | 6.44 (2.02 to 20.6) | 0.002 | 5.04 (1.27 to 20.0) | 0.02 | NR | 67 (3) | 2.42 (1.34 to 4.37) | 0.003 | 2.19 (1.10 to 4.37) | 0.03 |
| Oral corticosteroids | ||||||||||||
| Non-current use | 15 (40) | 242 (66) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 106 (50) | 1401 (68) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||||
| Low dose | 9 (24) | 57 (16) | 2.45 (1.04 to 5.81) | 0.04 | 1.63 (0.60 to 4.44) | 0.34 | 32 (15) | 344 (17) | 1.28 (0.84 to 1.93) | 0.25 | 0.72 (0.45 to 1.14) | 0.16 |
| Mod dose | 6 (16) | 23 (6) | 3.80 (1.33 to 10.8) | 0.01 | 2.53 (0.55 to 11.6) | 0.23 | 31 (15) | 142 (7) | 2.97 (1.90 to 4.63) | <0.001 | 1.66 (0.99 to 2.78) | 0.05 |
| High dose | 7 (19) | 41 (11) | 2.72 (1.04 to 7.09) | 0.04 | 2.73 (0.81 to 9.20) | 0.11 | 42 (20) | 184 (9) | 3.24 (2.18 to 4.84) | <0.001 | 1.60 (1.02 to 2.52) | 0.04 |
| Methotrexate | ||||||||||||
| Non-current use | 25 (68) | 256 (70) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 136 (64) | 1431 (69) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||||
| Current use | 12 (32) | 107 (30) | 1.19 (0.57 to 2.48) | 0.65 | 1.10 (0.44 to 2.72) | 0.84 | 75 (36) | 640 (31) | 1.27 (0.94 to 1.71) | 0.12 | 1.31 (0.93 to 1.86) | 0.12 |
| Leflunomide | ||||||||||||
| Non-current use | 31 (84) | 343 (94) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 185 (88) | 1977 (96) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||||
| Current use | 6 (16) | 20 (6) | 3.50 (1.28 to 9.60) | 0.01 | 4.02 (1.08 to 15.0) | 0.04 | 26 (12) | 94 (4) | 3.05 (1.92 to 4.85) | <0.001 | 2.74 (1.59 to 4.70) | <0.001 |
| Sulfasalazine | ||||||||||||
| Non-current use | NR | 343 (94) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 199 (94) | 1952 (94) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||||
| Current use | NR | 20 (6) | 1.43 (0.40 to 5.19) | 0.58 | 1.98 (0.40 to 9.78) | 0.40 | 12 (6) | 119 (6) | 1.01 (0.55 to 1.87) | 0.98 | 0.89 (0.44 to 1.77) | 0.73 |
| Hydroxychloroquine | ||||||||||||
| Non-current use | NR | 272 (75) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 147 (70) | 1606 (78) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||||
| Current use | NR | 91 (25) | 0.36 (0.13 to 1.05) | 0.06 | 0.17 (0.04 to 0.65) | 0.01 | 64 (30) | 465 (22) | 1.55 (1.13 to 2.13) | 0.007 | 1.62 (1.13 to 2.33) | 0.009 |
| High-risk DMARD† | ||||||||||||
| Non-current use | NR | 356 (98) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 199 (94) | 2034 (98) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||||
| Current use | NR | 7 (2) | 5.84 (1.46 to 23.4) | 0.01 | 23.0 (2.88 to 184) | 0.003 | 12 (6) | 37 (2) | 3.25 (1.62 to 6.52) | <0.001 | 2.92 (1.26 to 6.79) | 0.01 |
| Low-risk DMARD‡ | ||||||||||||
| Non-current use | NR | 356 (98) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | NR | 2039 (98) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||||
| Current use | NR | 7 (2) | 1.48 (0.16 to 13.6) | 0.73 | 3.43 (0.26 to 45.7) | 0.35 | NR | 32 (2) | 1.58 (0.61 to 4.12) | 0.35 | 1.94 (0.65 to 5.80) | 0.24 |
| NSAID | ||||||||||||
| Non-current use | 26 (70) | 219 (60) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 129 (61) | 1202 (58) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||||
| Current use | 11 (30) | 144 (40) | 0.62 (0.28 to 1.35) | 0.23 | 0.79 (0.30 to 2.06) | 0.62 | 82 (39) | 869 (42) | 0.90 (0.67 to 1.21) | 0.47 | 0.94 (0.68 to 1.30) | 0.71 |
| PPI | ||||||||||||
| Non-current use | NA | NA | NA | NA | 110 (52) | 1210 (58) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||||
| Current use | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 101 (48) | 861 (42) | 1.29 (0.97 to 1.72) | 0.08 | 0.77 (0.55 to 1.08) | 0.12 |
Bolded OR values are statistically significantly different than reference group.
*Adjusted for income, rurality, presence of extra-articular rheumatoid arthritis, other anti-rheumatic medication use, ADGs (aggregated diagnostic groups), and comorbidities (for TB: diabetes and chronic kidney disease, and for NTM: asthma, COPD and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease).
†High-risk DMARDs are a grouping of drugs with high immunosuppressing potential, including cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, ciclosporin, mycophenolate and chlorambucil.
‡Low-risk DMARDs have low immunosuppressing potential and include gold and penicillamine.
anti-TNF, anti-tumour necrosis factor; DMARD, disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug; NA, not assessed; NR, not reportable (in accordance with data use restrictions, cells containing fewer than six individuals cannot be reported); NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory; NTM, nontuberculous mycobacterial; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; ref, reference group. In accordance with data use restrictions, cells containing fewer than six individuals cannot be reported.