Hospital of treatment, distance from the NASH and other variables independently associated with hazard of death from localised, regional and distant primary non-small cell lung cancer in New South Wales, 2000–2008
| Localised | Regional | Distant | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| One year* | Five years* | One year* | Five years* | One year* | Five years* | ||||||||||
| HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | p Value | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | p Value | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | p Value | |
| Hospital of treatment and distance from the NASH | |||||||||||||||
| Specialist hospital 0–39.9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| Specialist hospital 40–99.9 | 1.32 | (0.96 to 1.82) | 1.32 | (0.96 to 1.82) | 0.99 | (0.79 to 1.23) | 0.99 | (0.79 to 1.23) | 0.92 | (0.71 to 1.18) | 0.92 | (0.71 to 1.18) | |||
| Specialist hospital 100+ | 0.96 | (0.72 to 1.28) | 0.96 | (0.72 to 1.28) | 0.93 | (0.76 to 1.13) | 0.93 | (0.76 to 1.13) | 0.77 | (0.62 to 0.95) | 0.77 | (0.62 to 0.95) | |||
| General hospital 0–39.9 | 1.28 | (1.00 to 1.65) | 1.28 | (1.00 to 1.65) | 0.92 | (0.77 to 1.10) | 0.92 | (0.77 to 1.10) | 1.12 | (1.01 to 1.24) | 1.12 | (1.01 to 1.24) | |||
| General hospital 40–99.9 | 1.57 | (1.14 to 2.18) | 1.57 | (1.14 to 2.18) | 1.03 | (0.82 to 1.30) | 1.03 | (0.82 to 1.30) | 1.09 | (0.96 to 1.24) | 1.09 | (0.96 to 1.24) | |||
| General hospital 100+ | 1.02 | (0.80 to 1.29) | 1.02 | (0.80 to 1.29) | p<0.022 | 0.84 | (0.71 to 0.99) | 0.84 | (0.71 to 0.99) | p=0.2494 | 1.10 | (0.99 to 1.22) | 1.10 | (0.99 to 1.22) | p=0.0097 |
| Sex | |||||||||||||||
| Males | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| Females | 0.84 | (0.75 to 0.94) | 0.84 | (0.75 to 0.94) | p<0.0019 | 0.90 | (0.80 to 1.00) | 0.90 | (0.80 to 1.00) | p<0.0187 | 0.80 | (0.75 to 0.87) | 0.80 | (0.75 to 0.87) | p<0.0001 |
| Age at diagnosis | |||||||||||||||
| 50–59 years | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| 60–69 years | 1.31 | (1.10 to 1.55) | 1.31 | (1.10 to 1.55) | 1.12 | (0.97 to 1.29) | 1.12 | (0.97 to 1.29) | 1.13 | (1.03 to 1.24) | 1.13 | (1.03 to 1.24) | |||
| 70–79 years | 1.51 | (1.29 to 1.77) | 1.51 | (1.29 to 1.77) | 1.44 | (1.24 to 1.66) | 1.44 | (1.24 to 1.66) | 1.32 | (1.20 to 1.45) | 1.32 | (1.20 to 1.45) | |||
| 80+ years | 1.91 | (1.58 to 2.30) | 1.91 | (1.58 to 2.30) | p<0.0064 | 1.62 | (1.32 to 1.99) | 1.62 | (1.32 to 1.99) | p<0.0001 | 1.51 | (1.32 to 1.73) | 1.51 | (1.32 to 1.73) | p<0.0001 |
| Country of birth | |||||||||||||||
| Australian born | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| English speaking | 0.99 | (0.81 to 1.20) | 0.99 | (0.81 to 1.20) | 1.00 | (0.82 to 1.22) | 1.00 | (0.82 to 1.22) | 1.10 | (0.96 to 1.27) | 1.10 | (0.96 to 1.27) | |||
| Non-English speaking | 0.87 | (0.76 to 0.99) | 0.87 | (0.76 to 0.99) | 0.85 | (0.75 to 0.96) | 0.85 | (0.75 to 0.96) | 0.81 | (0.74 to 0.88) | 0.81 | (0.74 to 0.88) | |||
| Unknown | 0.58 | (0.40 to 0.83) | 0.58 | (0.40 to 0.83) | p<0.0001 | 0.51 | (0.36 to 0.73) | 0.51 | (0.36 to 0.73) | p<0.0002 | 0.76 | (0.60 to 0.96) | 0.76 | (0.60 to 0.96) | p<0.0001 |
| Comorbidity | |||||||||||||||
| No comorbidity | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||
| Comorbidity | 1.15 | (1.01 to 1.29) | 1.15 | (1.01 to 1.29) | p<0.0258 | 1.13 | (1.00 to 1.28) | 1.13 | (1.00 to 1.28) | p=0.0443 | 1.16 | (1.07 to 1.26) | 1.16 | (1.07 to 1.26) | p=0.0005 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease† | |||||||||||||||
| No COPD | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||
| COPD | 0.85 | (0.75 to 0.96) | 0.85 | (0.75 to 0.96) | p=0.0110 | 0.99 | (0.87 to 1.12) | 0.99 | (0.87 to 1.12) | p=0.8356 | 0.91 | (0.83 to 1.01) | 0.91 | (0.83 to 1.01) | p=0.0874 |
| Smoking‡ | |||||||||||||||
| No smoking | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| Previous smoking | 0.86 | (0.75 to 0.99) | 0.86 | (0.75 to 0.99) | 0.84 | (0.73 to 0.97) | 0.84 | (0.73 to 0.97) | 0.89 | (0.81 to 0.97) | 0.89 | (0.81 to 0.97) | |||
| Current smokers | 0.97 | (0.83 to 1.13) | 0.97 | (0.83 to 1.13) | p=0.0596 | 0.91 | (0.78 to 1.05) | 0.91 | (0.78 to 1.05) | p=0.0607 | 0.93 | (0.85 to 1.02) | 0.93 | (0.85 to 1.02) | p=0.0367 |
| Method of diagnosis | |||||||||||||||
| Cytology | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| Clinical | 1.65 | (1.25 to 2.19) | 1.65 | (1.25 to 2.19) | 1.21 | (0.88 to 1.66) | 1.21 | (0.88 to 1.66) | 1.17 | (1.01 to 1.35) | 1.17 | (1.01 to 1.35) | |||
| Histologically verified | 0.97 | (0.79 to 1.10) | 0.97 | (0.79 to 1.10) | p<0.0001 | 0.78 | (0.64 to 0.96) | 0.78 | (0.64 to 0.96) | p< 0.0013 | 0.79 | (0.72 to 0.88) | 0.79 | (0.72 to 0.88) | p<0.0001 |
| Histology§ | |||||||||||||||
| Squamous | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| Adenocarcinoma | 0.89 | (0.77 to 1.03) | 0.89 | (0.77 to 1.03) | 1.20 | (1.05 to 1.38) | 1.31 | (1.02 to 1.68) | 0.94 | (0.80 to 1.11) | 1.02 | (0.75 to 1.39) | |||
| Large cell | 1.04 | (0.89 to 1.20) | 1.04 | (0.89 to 1.20) | 1.31 | (1.12 to 1.54) | 1.02 | (0.76 to 1.37) | 1.03 | (0.86 to 1.22) | 0.85 | (0.62 to 1.18) | |||
| Other | 0.47 | (0.37 to 0.61) | 0.47 | (0.37 to 0.61) | p<0.0001 | 0.93 | (0.72 to 1.19) | 0.63 | (0.41 to 0.98) | p<0.0001 | 1.00 | (0.80 to 1.25) | 0.86 | (0.57 to 1.31) | p<0.0001 |
| Type of admission | |||||||||||||||
| Emergency | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| Planned | 0.75 | (0.64 to 0.87) | 0.75 | (0.64 to 0.87) | 0.85 | (0.72 to 1.00) | 1.34 | (0.99 to 1.80) | 1.00 | (0.89 to 1.13) | 1.66 | (1.32 to 2.09) | |||
| Other | 0.93 | (0.67 to 1.30) | 0.93 | (0.67 to 1.30) | p<0.0001 | 0.97 | (0.68 to 1.38) | 0.99 | (0.52 to 1.88) | p<0.0001 | 1.16 | (0.89 to 1.51) | 1.34 | (0.83 to 2.17) | p<0.0001 |
| Major surgery¶ | |||||||||||||||
| No resection | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| Pneumonectomy | 0.35 | (0.25 to 0.50) | 0.74 | (0.44 to 1.25) | 0.42 | (0.34 to 0.53) | 0.60 | (0.40 to 0.90) | 0.28 | (0.18 to 0.42) | 0.16 | (0.07 to 0.35) | |||
| Lobectomy | 0.14 | (0.11 to 0.17) | 0.32 | (0.23 to 0.44) | 0.31 | (0.26 to 0.37) | 0.54 | (0.40 to 0.73) | 0.34 | (0.27 to 0.45) | 0.32 | (0.19 to 0.54) | |||
| Segmental resection | 0.18 | (0.15 to 0.23) | 0.37 | (0.25 to 0.54) | p<0.0001 | 0.32 | (0.26 to 0.40) | 0.60 | (0.41 to 0.87) | p<0.0001 | 0.36 | (0.25 to 0.51) | 0.24 | (0.13 to 0.48) | p<0.0001 |
| Time to surgery | |||||||||||||||
| At diagnosis | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| 2–3 months | 0.96 | (0.77 to 1.19) | 1.67 | (1.12 to 2.47) | 0.97 | (0.82 to 1.14) | 1.51 | (1.11 to 2.04) | 1.71 | (1.43 to 2.04) | 4.63 | (3.23 to 6.64) | |||
| 3–6 months | 0.67 | (0.50 to 0.90) | 1.74 | (1.02 to 2.96) | 1.14 | (0.93 to 1.39) | 2.99 | (2.01 to 4.44) | 1.44 | (1.19 to 1.76) | 7.58 | (4.82 to 11.92) | |||
| 7–12 months | 1.15 | (0.97 to 1.38) | 1.74 | (1.27 to 2.37) | p<0.0001 | 0.65 | (0.50 to 0.85) | 2.00 | (1.25 to 3.20) | p<0.0001 | 0.89 | (0.70 to 1.13) | 12.44 | (7.01 to 22.07) | p<0.0001 |
*HRs at one and five years after diagnosis are presented because the effects of some variables in the model were time varying.
†COPD (diagnosis codes J41.0, J41.1, J41.8, J42.0, J42, J43, J43.1, J43.2, J43.8, J43.9, J44.0, J44.1, J44.8, J44.9).
‡Smoking codes (diagnosis codes Z86.43, Z72.0, Z71.6, F17).
§Cancer codes (ICD 0–3 morphology codes: squamous 80503–80783, large cell 80353, 83103, 80103–80123, 80143–80313, adenocarcinoma 82303–82313, 82503–82603, 81403, 82113, 83233, 85763, 82463 Other 80003–80053, 88003, 88013, 88023, 8053 88113, 88303, 88903, 89203, 90403, 90413, 91203, 91333, 91503, 95403, 88403–89213, 89903–89913, 91203–91333, 95403–95813, 88303, 91503).
¶Procedure codes (lobectomy (38438–01, 38441–00), resection (38438–00, 38440–00, 38440–01, 90169–00,90181–00), pneumonectomy (38441–01, 38438–02)).