Table 2

Pathway enrichment based on gene function prediction of genes upregulated in COPD

Biological processesMouse genome informatics
Termp ValueTermp Value
Response to oxygen levels8.60E-13Abnormal pulmonary alveolus morphology5.78E-12
Regulation of cell migration3.72E-12Abnormal lung vasculature morphology2.03E-11
Regulation of locomotion4.39E-12Weight loss4.73E-11
Regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis6.08E-12Thick pulmonary interalveolar septum7.60E-11
Regulation of cell motility1.58E-11Pericardial effusion8.16E-11
Regulation of cellular component movement1.66E-11Abnormal vascular wound healing1.05E-10
Regulation of endocytosis2.12E-11Abnormal lung development1.14E-10
Regulation of growth3.53E-11Abnormal myocardium layer morphology1.88E-10
Respiratory tube development4.13E-11Lethargy2.68E-10
Regulation of cell adhesion5.54E-11Abnormal vascular smooth muscle physiology3.69E-10
Circulatory system process6.92E-11Atelectasis1.26E-09
Vasculature development1.00E-10Abnormal cardiovascular system physiology1.61E-09
Lung development1.08E-10Abnormal heart ventricle morphology1.80E-09
Blood vessel morphogenesis1.47E-10Abnormal angiogenesis3.11E-09
Response to hypoxia1.78E-10Abnormal fear/anxiety-related behaviour3.59E-09
Blood circulation1.89E-10Abnormal response/metabolism to endogenous compounds3.76E-09
Regulation of system process2.37E-10Increased glomerular capsule space9.22E-09
Blood vessel development2.72E-10Absent heartbeat1.12E-08
Response to mechanical stimulus3.27E-10Decreased response of heart to induced stress1.29E-08
Regulation of vesicle-mediated transport3.70E-10Abnormal production of surfactant1.31E-08
Angiogenesis5.56E-10Dilated heart right ventricle1.50E-08
Response to hyperoxia6.36E-10Hydronephrosis1.64E-08
Regulation of angiogenesis9.52E-10Abnormal cardiac muscle contractility1.81E-08
Vascular process in circulatory system9.53E-10Abnormal cell migration2.00E-08
Fibroblast migration1.10E-09Abnormal macrophage morphology2.00E-08
Negative regulation of cell migration1.29E-09Decreased cardiac muscle contractility2.18E-08
Positive regulation of angiogenesis1.69E-09Abnormal stria vascularis morphology2.41E-08
Regulation of developmental growth1.89E-09Ostium primum atrial septal defect2.87E-08
Tube development1.94E-09Abnormal kidney morphology3.55E-08
Negative regulation of cell motility2.22E-09Decreased heart rate3.90E-08
Respiratory system development2.41E-09Enlarged heart atrium4.03E-08
Negative regulation of cellular component movement2.87E-09Abnormal vascular smooth muscle morphology4.58E-08
Cell–cell adhesion2.88E-09Decreased skin tensile strength4.69E-08
Negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation3.25E-09Abnormal vitelline vascular remodelling5.68E-08
Regulation of chemotaxis3.60E-09Abnormal eating/drinking behaviour6.47E-08
Developmental growth5.69E-09Abnormal myocardial fibre physiology6.72E-08
Regulation of blood vessel size6.31E-09Abnormal heart development6.82E-08
Negative regulation of locomotion6.80E-09Dilated heart left ventricle7.58E-08
Actin filament-based process7.89E-09Abnormal CNS glial cell morphology9.51E-08
Positive regulation of endocytosis8.18E-09Increased cranium width1.14E-07
Glomerulus development8.30E-09Increased response of heart to induced stress1.24E-07
Regulation of tube size8.31E-09Increased circulating creatinine level1.31E-07
Regulation of behaviour1.03E-08Increased systemic arterial blood pressure1.37E-07
Positive regulation of cell adhesion1.27E-08Abnormal lung morphology1.57E-07
Regulation of endothelial cell migration1.43E-08Abnormal heart shape1.64E-07
Response to steroid hormone stimulus1.79E-08Cyanosis2.00E-07
Regulation of muscle system process1.91E-08Increased angiogenesis2.74E-07
Positive regulation of cell migration2.35E-08Haemorrhage2.81E-07
Striated muscle tissue development2.59E-08Decreased brain weight2.92E-07
Actin cytoskeleton organisation2.60E-08Cardiac hypertrophy3.10E-07
Hypoactivity3.60E-07
Abnormal osteoclast morphology3.69E-07
Abnormal epididymal fat pad morphology3.80E-07
Increased type II pneumocyte number4.25E-07
Abnormal heart valve morphology4.39E-07
Pulmonary hypoplasia4.85E-07
Edema5.19E-07
Altered response to myocardial infarction5.24E-07
Stria vascularis degeneration5.57E-07
Decreased bone volume5.59E-07
Disorganised myocardium6.00E-07
Abnormal visceral yolk sac morphology6.16E-07
Abnormal ureter morphology7.39E-07
Increased urine protein level7.77E-07
Enlarged heart8.47E-07
Decreased angiogenesis8.67E-07
Decreased survivor rate9.18E-07
Partial prenatal lethality9.89E-07
Abnormal renal glomerulus morphology1.06E-06
Decreased brainstem auditory evoked potential1.06E-06
Abnormal astrocyte morphology1.09E-06
Complete lethality throughout fetal growth and development1.28E-06
Thin myocardium1.39E-06
Failure of initiation of embryo turning1.40E-06
Increased insulin sensitivity1.55E-06
Abnormal type II pneumocyte morphology1.76E-06
Congestive heart failure1.81E-06
Expanded mesangial matrix1.89E-06
Emphysema2.01E-06

  • Biological pathways and mouse knockout phenotypes that are enriched among the genes upregulated in COPD lung tissue at p<0.001 are shown.

  • Pathways and knockout phenotypes that are relevant for COPD pathogenesis are shown in bold.

  • CNS, central nervous system; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.