Table 1

Demographic and baseline details of the study population

Characteristic	Study cohort
Characteristic	COPD subjects	Smokers	Non-smokers
N	672	199	71
Age years	63.2 (7.0)	54.1 (8.5)*	54.7 (9.2)*
Men	422 (63%)	115 (58%)	21 (30%)*
Pack-years	47.4 (25.1)	30.7 (19.9)*	0.1 (1.0)*
Body mass index, kg/m²	26.5 (5.6)	26.7 (4.3)	28.3 (6.9)*
Post-bronchodilator FEV₁, litres	1.36 (0.54)	3.46 (0.71)*	3.19 (0.79)*
Post-bronchodilator FEV₁% predicted	48.7 (16.1)	110.0 (11.5)*	114.4 (13.8)*
Post-bronchodilator FEV₁/FVC ratio	44.1 (11.5)	79.2 (4.8)*	81.0 (5.9)*
Patient-reported cardiovascular disease	357 (53%)	45 (23%)*	24 (34%)*
%LAA	15.6 [19.2]	0.8 [1.9]*	2.8 [4.4]*

Mean (SD), median [IQR] or n (%).
Cohorts were compared via analysis of variance, Kruskal–Wallis tests or Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel tests, as appropriate.
*p Value <0.05 versus patients with COPD.
%LAA, per cent low attenuation areas <−950 Hounsfield units.