Demographic and clinical characteristics of 528 children at enrolment
| Characteristic | Frequency (%) in all children (n=528) | Frequency (%) in culture-confirmed children (n=91) | Frequency (%) in treated children (n=296) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median age in months (IQR) | 22 (12 to 53) | 28 (16 to 62) | 25 (13 to 61) |
| Male | 292 (55) | 54 (59) | 164 (55) |
| BCG vaccinated (based on presence of scar and vaccination records) | 447 (85) | 60 (66) | 240 (81) |
| Night sweats | 275 (52) | 54 (59) | 159 (54) |
| Malaise | 245 (46) | 56 (62) | 153 (52) |
| Fever >2 weeks | 85 (16) | 24 (26) | 59 (20) |
| Cough >2 weeks | 169 (32) | 45 (49) | 118 (40) |
| History of household TB contact | 321 (61) | 61 (67) | 185 (63) |
| HIV positive | 124 (24) | 15 (17) | 71 (24) |
| WHO clinical stage 1 | 11 (9) | 0 | 2 (3) |
| WHO clinical stage 2 | 35 (28) | 5 (33) | 15 (21) |
| WHO clinical stage 3 | 50 (40) | 6 (40) | 31 (44) |
| WHO clinical stage 4 | 28 (23) | 4 (27) | 23 (32) |
| Median CD4 cell count in HIV-positive children (IQR)* | 489 (226 to 832) | 333 (112 to 485) | 471 (152 to 832) |
| Median weight for age Z score (IQR) | −1.56 (−2.84 to −0.56) | −1.62 (−3.07 to −0.78) | −1.61 (−3.01 to −0.68) |
| Median height for age Z score (IQR)† | −1.23 (−2.33 to −0.30) | −1.11 (−2.33 to −0.60) | −1.17 (−2.34 to −0.33) |
| Median weight for height Z score (IQR)‡ | −0.66 (−2.06 to 0.42) | −1.39 (−3.05 to −0.48) | −0.77 (−2.40 to 0.23) |
| CXR consistent with pulmonary TB | 372 (71) | 81 (89) | 217 (73) |
| TST positive (recommended cut-offs)§ | 213 (40) | 68 (74) | 193 (65) |
| T-SPOT.TB positive (manufacturer's cut-off) | 175 (33) | 75 (82) | 157 (53) |
| Median number of SFCs on T-SPOT.TB (IQR) | 3 (1 to 13) | 25 (7 to 67) | 7 (2 to33) |
| Smear positive | 37 (7) | 37 (41) | 37 (13) |
*CD4 cell count not available for nine HIV-positive children.
†Data available for 430 children.
‡Data available for 385 children.
§5 mm for HIV-infected children; 10 mm for others.
CXR, chest radiography; SFC, spot-forming cell; TB, tuberculosis; TST, tuberculin skin test.