Reported complications from all studies (n=1235)
| Complication | n= |
|---|---|
| Death | 0 |
| Visceral puncture/injury | 0 |
| Haemothorax (all managed conservatively) | 4 |
| Incorrect connection—tension pneumothorax | 1 |
| Local cellulitis | 1 |
| Tube blockage with exudate | 2 |
| HV/catheter dislodged | 8 |
| Pain after insertion | 1 |
| Surgical emphysema | 4 |
HV, Heimlich valve.