Table 2

Patients’ characteristics at presentation

Cases (HCAP)Controls (CAP)p Value
BMI, media±SD25.6 4.326.8 4.80.029
Comorbidities ≥2, n (%)15875%10253%0.000
 Respiratory disease, n (%)11850%11148%NS
 COPD7230%6126%NS
 Bronchiectasis125%62.5%NS
 Asthma94%31.2%NS
 Diabetes mellitus5727%5528%NS
 Cardiac failure9445%9951%NS
 Neurological diseases, n (%)11454%4624%0.000
Dysphagia (1–4), n (%)9039%3314%0.000
PSI, mean (SD)12333104290.000
 PSI I–III, n (%)3515%7533%0.000
 PSI IV–V, n (%)19885%15668%
  • BMI, body mass index; CAP, community-acquired pneumonia; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HCAP, healthcare-associated pneumonia; PSI, pneumonia severity index.