Characteristics of patients at risk of tuberculosis in the pre-cART era (before1 January 1997) and after cART initiation
| Before 1 January 1997 | After cART initiation | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number at risk of TB | 9175 | 11178 | ||
| Total person-years of follow-up | 35906 | 57104 | ||
| Number of TB diagnoses | 243 | 120 | ||
| TB as first AIDS-defining events | 184 | 100 | ||
| Number of pulmonary TB diagnoses | 154 (63%) | 74 (64%) | ||
| Incidence rate of TB (95% CI) per 1000 person-years | 6.8 (5.9 to 7.7) | 2.2 (1.7 to 2.5) | ||
| Median (IQR) CD4 count at TB diagnosis, cells/mm3 | 125 (40–286) | 195 (55–419) | ||
| Median (IQR) HIV-RNA at TB diagnosis, log10 copies/ml* | – | 4.2 (1.8–5.3) | ||
| Median (IQR) HIV test interval, years† | 0.8 (0.4–1.3) | 0.8 (0.3–1.4) | ||
| Number of TB diagnoses | Number of TB diagnoses | |||
| Risk group | ||||
| Sex between men | 4587 (50%) | 76 | 6253 (56%) | 46 |
| Sex between women and men | 1691 (18%) | 31 | 2904 (26%) | 34 |
| Injecting drug use | 2376 (26%) | 118 | 1506 (13%) | 37 |
| Other/unknown | 524 (6%) | 18 | 515 (5%) | 3 |
| Women | 2006 (22%) | 48 | 2449 (22%) | 31 |
| Geographical origin‡ | ||||
| Mid–low TB incidence§ | 6350 (69%) | 197 | 7907 (71%) | 88 |
| High–mid TB incidence¶ | 202 (2%) | 17 | 339 (3%) | 7 |
| Very high TB incidence: sub-Saharan Africa | 126 (1%) | 9 | 495 (4%) | 8 |
| Unknown | 2500 (27%) | 30 | 2437 (22%) | 17 |
4575 patients contributed to both analyses.
*HIV-RNA not routinely performed before 1997.
†Time between last negative and first positive HIV antibody test dates.
‡All patients are in care in high-income countries.
§Mid–low incidence regions: Western Europe, North America, Oceania, Middle East and Latin America.
¶High–mid incidence regions: Eastern Europe, Central Asia, North Africa, South Asia, East Asia and the Caribbean.
cART, combination antiretroviral therapy; TB, tuberculosis.