Risk factors significantly associated with 30-day mortality in patients with bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia admitted to the ICU (n=288)
| No of patients (column %) | No of deaths (row %) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR† (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | ||||
| ≥85 | 12 (4.1) | 6 (50.0) | 11.67 (2.86 to 47.57) | 11.56 (2.83 to 47.19) |
| 75–84 | 51 (17.7) | 20 (39.2) | 7.53 (2.75 to 20.57) | 7.74 (2.81 to 21.28) |
| 65–74 | 68 (23.6) | 13 (19.1) | 2.76 (0.98 to 7.72) | 2.79 (0.99 to 7.82) |
| 55–64 | 81 (28.1) | 9 (11.1) | 1.46 (0.49 to 4.31) | 1.47 (0.50 to 4.34) |
| <55 | 76 (26.4) | 6 (7.9) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Heart disease | ||||
| Yes | 72 (25–0) | 21 (29.2) | 2.19 (1.16 to 4.15) | 0.96 (0.44 to 2.07) |
| No | 181 (62.9) | 26 (14.4) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| N/S | 35 (12.2) | 7 (20.0) | ||
| Liver disease | ||||
| Yes | 21 (7.3) | 7 (33.3) | 3.01 (1.12 to 8.05) | 4.23 (1.38 to 12.93) |
| No | 233 (80.9) | 36 (15.5) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| N/S | 34 (11.8) | 11 (32.4) | ||
| Renal disease | ||||
| Yes | 19 (6.6) | 8 (42.1) | 3.74 (1.43 to 9.76) | 2.50 (0.84 to 7.45) |
| No | 234 (81.3) | 34 (14.5) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| N/S | 35 (12.2) | 12 (34.3) | ||
| Serotype category according to CFR‡ | ||||
| High | 104 (36.1) | 25 (24.0) | 4.03 (1.33 to 12.26) | 3.29 (0.99 to 10.88) |
| Medium | 98 (34.0) | 15 (15.3) | 2.30 (0.72 to 7.33) | 2.13 (0.61 to 7.48) |
| Low | 55 (19.1) | 4 (7.3) | 1.00 (ref)* | 1.00 (ref)*** |
| Serotype category according to invasiveness§ | ||||
| Low | 92 (31.9) | 22 (23.9) | 4.09 (0.90 to 18.60) | 3.96 (0.76 to 20.72) |
| Medium | 111 (38.5) | 16 (14.4) | 2.19 (0.47 to 10.14) | 2.40 (0.45 to 12.74) |
| High | 28 (9.7) | 2 (7.1) | 1.00 (ref)** | 1.00 (ref)**** |
| Initial antibiotic therapy | ||||
| β-lactam iv+macrolide/ quinolone¶ | 25 (8.7) | 0 (0) | 0.11 (0 to 0.64)†† | N/A |
| β-lactam iv only¶ | 147 (51.0) | 31 (21.1) | 1.00 (ref) | |
p Value trend: *0.007, **0.02, ***0.04, ****0.06.
†Adjusted ORs: age was adjusted for gender; each comorbidity was adjusted for age, sex and other comorbidities associated with mortality at a p value of <0.1 in univariate analyses (ie, heart disease, liver disease and renal disease).
‡Serotypes classified as associated with low (serotype 1, 4, 5, 7F, 8), medium (serotypes 9V, 12F, 14, 22F) and high (serotypes 3, 6A, 6B, 9N, 19A, 19F, 23F) case fatality rate in a recent meta-analysis.9
§Serotypes classified as associated with high (serotype 1, 5 and 7F), medium (serotype 4, 9V, 14 and 18C) and low (serotype 3, 6A, 6B, 8, 19F and 23F) invasiveness.8 ,15
¶iv=intravenous. β-lactam iv=penicillin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, piperacillin-tazobactam or carbapenem. Macrolide/quinolone=erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, levofloxacin or moxifloxacin.
††Calculated with exact logistic regression.
CFR, case-fatality rates; N/A, not applicable; N/S, not specified in questionnaire.