Table 1

Subject characteristics

	COPD	Control	p Value
n	16	15
Age, years	65 (5.2)	64 (5.7)	0.83
Body mass index, kg/m²	26.5 (3.8)	27.9 (3.8)	0.33
Cigarette smoke exposure, pack years*	36 (34–54)	34 (28–46)	0.58
Inhaled medications, number of subjects (%)
Short acting beta agonist	15 (94%)
Anticholinergic	10 (63%)
Long acting beta agonist	2 (12%)
Inhaled corticosteroid	1 (6%)
ICS/LABA combination	13 (81%)
Postbronchodilator spirometry, %
FEV₁ % predicted	47.8 (18.5)	102.1 (10.2)	<0.001
FVC % predicted	87.0 (13.9)	100.9 (11.1)	0.005
FEV₁:FVC	41.6 (11.8)	79.2 (5.6)	<0.001
Emphysema severity*
%LAA-950	26.3 (10.3–42.4)	2.5 (1.1–3.8)	<0.001
%LAA-910	59.9 (43.4–64.9)	26.3 (10.3–42.5)	0.002
Aortic pulse wave velocity, m/s	10.4 (2.0)	8.5 (1.7)	0.009
hsCRP, mg/l*	2.1 (1.3–5.5)	1.0 (0.5–35)	0.04

Data presented as mean (SD) or n (%), except * median (IQR). Groups compared using Student t test except for * where groups compared with Mann–Whitney U test.
%LAA-910, percentage low attenuation voxels below −910 Hounsfield units; %LAA-950, percentage low attenuation voxels below −950 Hounsfield units; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC, forced vital capacity; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C reactive protein; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; LABA, long acting beta agonist.