Table 3

Characteristics associated with OLD in entire cohort

Characteristic	Unadjusted	Adjusted	p Value^†
Characteristic	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)^*	p Value^†
Age (per 10 years)	1.36 (1.10 to 1.68)	1.38 (1.08 to 1.76)	0.01
Black race	0.66 (0.41 to 1.04)	0.43 (0.25 to 0.72)	0.002
BMI category (kg/m²)
<21	Reference	Reference	<0.01
21–27	0.81 (0.52 to 1.28)	0.80 (0.50 to 1.29)
>27	0.52 (0.31 to 0.86)	0.50 (0.29 to 0.85)
Heavy smoking^‡	1.89 (1.27 to 2.80)	1.62 (1.05 to 2.49)	0.03
History of bacterial pneumonia	2.08 (1.35 to 3.20)	2.07 (1.29 to 3.32)	0.003
HIV status
Negative	Reference	Reference	0.58
Positive, VL <200 000 copies/ml	0.95 (0.65 to 1.38)	0.85 (0.56 to 1.29)
Positive, VL ≥200 000 copies/ml	3.30 (1.26 to 8.69)	3.41 (1.24 to 9.39)

↵* Adjusted for other variables in the table as well as gender and current injection drug use.
↵† p Values for adjusted model.
↵‡ ≥40 pack-years vs <40 pack-years smoking.
BMI, body mass index; OLD, obstructive lung disease; VL, viral load.