Prevalence of pulmonary function impairment (grade 2 or higher) in 193 childhood cancer survivors with pulmonary function tests*
| Therapy subgroup† | Obstructive parameters | Restrictive parameters | Diffusion capacity parameters | Overall pulmonary function impairment‡ | |||||
| FEV1<80% | FEV1/VCmax ratio <0.70 | Obstructive pulmonary function impairment | TLC <75% | FVC <75% | Restrictive pulmonary function impairment | DLCO <75% | KCO <75% | ||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Bleomycin only | 7/98 (7.1) | 2/98 (2.0) | 1/98 (1.0) | 4/79 (5.1) | 1/98 (1.0) | 5/98 (5.1) | 25/97 (25.8) | 4/97 (4.1) | 28/98 (28.6) |
| Radiotherapy only | 13/54 (24.1) | 1/54 (1.9) | 1/54 (1.9) | 12/41 (29.3) | 8/54 (14.8) | 15/54 (27.8) | 28/53 (52.8) | 4/53 (7.5) | 31/54 (57.4) |
| Surgery only | 3/13 (23.1) | 1/13 (7.7) | 1/13 (7.7) | 0/9 (0.0) | 2/13 (15.4) | 1/13 (7.7) | 4/11 (36.4) | 0/11 (0.0) | 6/13 (46.2) |
| Bleomycin with radiotherapy | 4/9 (44.4) | 1/9 (11.1) | 0/9 (0.0) | 3/5 (60.0) | 3/9 (33.3) | 3/9 (33.3) | 6/9 (66.7) | 0/9 (0.0) | 6/9 (66.7) |
| Bleomycin with surgery | 1/3 (33.3) | 0/3 (0.0) | 0/3 (0.0) | 0/3 (0.0) | 0/3 (0.0) | 0/3 (0.0) | 1/3 (33.3) | 0/3 (0.0) | 1/3 (33.3) |
| Radiotherapy with surgery | 12/16 (75.0) | 1/16 (6.3) | 1/16 (6.3) | 9/13 (69.2) | 8/16 (50.0) | 10/16 (62.5) | 11/15 (73.3) | 0/15 (0.0) | 13/16 (81.3) |
| Total | 40/193 (20.7) | 6/193 (3.1) | 4/193 (2.1) | 28/150 (18.7) | 22/193 (11.4) | 34/193 (17.6) | 75/188 (39.9) | 8/188 (4.3) | 85/193 (44.0) |
↵* According to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria for obstructive pulmonary function impairment (FEV1 <80% of predicted and FEV1/VCmax ratio <0.70) and Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v3.0 for restrictive pulmonary function impairment (TLC or FVC <75% of predicted) and diffusion capacity impairment (DLCO or KCO <75% of predicted).
↵† None of the patients was treated with a combination of bleomycin, radiotherapy and surgery.
↵‡ Obstructive pulmonary function impairment, restrictive pulmonary function impairment, decreased DLCO and/or decreased KCO.
DLCO, carbon monoxide diffusion capacity corrected for haemoglobin; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FEV1/VCmax, ratio of FEV1 and maximum vital capacity; FVC, forced vital capacity; KCO, carbon monoxide diffusion capacity corrected for alveolar volume; TLC, total lung capacity.