Baseline characteristics of the 212 patients at time of recruitment to the cohort
| Mean (SD) | |
| Age, years | 67.6 (8.2) |
| FEV1, litres | 1.13 (0.46) |
| FEV1, % predicted | 44.6 (16.4) |
| FVC, litres | 2.52 (0.83) |
| FEV1/FVC | 0.46 (0.13) |
| Pack-years smoking history | 48.7 (32.3) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.0 (6.1) |
| Male sex, n (%) | 136 (64%) |
| Current smokers, n (%) | 69 (33%) |
| History of cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 62 (29%) |
| History of chronic sputum production, n (%) | 108 (51%) |
FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity.