Baseline characteristics of men in the Health ABC Study according to obstructive lung disease (OLD) status and smoking status
| OLD (n=150) | Smoking controls (n=74) | Formerly- smoking controls (n=534) | Never-smoking controls (n=301) | Overall p value | Significant post hoc comparisons* | |
| A | B | C | D | |||
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age, years | 73.4 (2.9) | 73.0 (2.5) | 73.7 (2.9) | 74.0 (2.8) | 0.06 | – |
| Race, % white | 52 | 35 | 70 | 65 | <0.001 | AC, BC, BD |
| Site, % Memphis | 60 | 50 | 47 | 51 | 0.013 | AC, AD |
| Physical activity, kcal/kg/week† | 68 (37–105) | 59 (35–125) | 67 (40–114) | 72 (39–114) | 0.68 | – |
| Comorbidity, steroid use, calcium and vitamin D supplementation | ||||||
| Depression, % | 7 | 1 | 8 | 5 | 0.22 | – |
| Cardiovascular disease, % | 25 | 24 | 30 | 23 | 0.10 | – |
| Diabetes, % | 13 | 15 | 16 | 15 | 0.91 | – |
| Oral steroid use, % | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0.49 | – |
| Calcium supplementation, % | 5 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 0.35 | – |
| Vitamin D supplementation, % | 3 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 0.63 | – |
| Lung function and smoking | ||||||
| FEV1, % predicted‡ | 61 (17) | 93 (12) | 100 (14) | 102 (15) | <0.001 | AB, AC, AD, BC, BD, CD |
| FEV1, l | 1.68 (0.50) | 2.47 (0.41) | 2.77 (0.50) | 2.78 (0.49) | <0.001 | AB, AC, AD, BC, BD |
| FEV1/FVC, ratio | 56 (7) | 73 (5) | 75 (5) | 77 (5) | <0.001 | AB, AC, AD, BC, BD, CD |
| Pack-years, n† | 48 (26–64) | 48 (27–60) | 25 (10-41) | 0 (0) | <0.001 | AC, AD, BC, BD, CD |
| Systemic inflammatory markers | ||||||
| IL-6, pg/ml† | 2.23 (1.59–3.58) | 2.46 (1.62–3.91) | 1.74 (1.18–2.70) | 1.68 (1.18–2.32) | <0.001 | AC, AD, BD |
| CRP, μg/ml† | 2.00 (1.21–3.51) | 1.54 (0.92–3.30) | 1.34 (0.88–2.39) | 1.30 (0.89–2.22) | <0.001 | AC, AD |
| TNF-α, pg/ml† | 3.13 (2.41–4.32) | 3.18 (2.34–4.37) | 3.34 (2.59–4.26) | 3.05 (2.43–4.00) | 0.23 | – |
Data are mean (SD) unless specified otherwise.
↵* Corrected for multiple testing.
↵† Median (IQR).
↵‡ From reference equations.21
CRP, C reactive protein; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; IL-6, interleukin 6; SPPB, short physical performance battery; TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor α.