Baseline characteristics of women in the Health ABC Study according to obstructive lung disease (OLD) status and smoking status
| OLD (n=110) | Smoking controls (n=83) | Formerly-smoking controls (n=332) | Never-smoking controls (n=590) | Overall p value | Significant post hoc comparisons* | |
| A | B | C | D | |||
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age, years | 72.8 (2.8) | 73.7 (3.0) | 73.3 (2.8) | 73.5 (2.9) | 0.06 | – |
| Race, % white | 62 | 37 | 56 | 59 | 0.001 | AB, BC, BD |
| Site, % Memphis | 42 | 43 | 46 | 51 | 0.11 | – |
| Physical activity, kcal/kg/week† | 67 (36–91) | 66 (36–107) | 65 (40–97) | 74 (45–113) | 0.006 | CD |
| Comorbidity, steroid use, calcium and vitamin D supplementation | ||||||
| Depression, % | 12 | 16 | 11 | 11 | 0.70 | – |
| Cardiovascular disease, % | 18 | 27 | 22 | 17 | 0.42 | – |
| Diabetes, % | 10 | 15 | 11 | 13 | 0.63 | – |
| Oral steroid use, % | 9 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 0.001 | AD |
| Calcium supplementation, % | 27 | 24 | 29 | 32 | 0.35 | – |
| Vitamin D supplementation, % | 9 | 7 | 13 | 15 | 0.10 | – |
| Lung function and smoking | ||||||
| FEV1, % predicted‡ | 65 (19) | 97 (19) | 101 (18) | 104 (18) | <0.001 | AB, AC, AD, BD, CD |
| FEV1, l | 1.24 (0.38) | 1.66 (0.33) | 1.87 (0.38) | 1.95 (0.36) | <0.001 | AB, AC, AD, BC, BD, CD |
| FEV1/FVC, ratio | 58 (7) | 75 (6) | 76 (5) | 77 (5) | <0.001 | AB, AC, AD, BD, CD |
| Pack-years, n† | 20 (0–51) | 29 (19–50) | 15 (5–38) | 0 (0) | <0.001 | AB, AD, BC, BD, CD |
| Systemic inflammatory markers | ||||||
| IL-6, pg/ml† | 1.90 (1.31–2.86) | 1.92 (1.33–2.83) | 1.71 (1.17–2.53) | 1.63 (1.12–2.46) | 0.021 | BC |
| CRP, μg/ml† | 2.09 (1.07–3.72) | 2.00 (1.17–3.95) | 2.18 (1.27–3.83) | 1.63 (0.95–3.07) | <0.001 | CD |
| TNF-α, pg/ml† | 2.92 (2.17–3.75) | 3.06 (2.19–3.95) | 3.02 (2.37–3.86) | 3.10 (2.30–3.97) | 0.63 | – |
Data are mean (SD) unless specified otherwise.
↵* Corrected for multiple testing.
↵† Median (IQR).
↵‡ From reference equations.21
CRP, C reactive protein; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; IL-6, interleukin 6; SPPB, short physical performance battery; TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor α.