Table 1

Infrastructure, socioeconomic and lifestyle indicators: definitions and descriptive characteristics

Index	Indicators	Definition	Categories	N (%)
Infrastructure (General characteristics of the communities)	Administrative grade	Measures the level of development based on the political/administrative division of the communities	Towns	42 (71.2)
	Administrative grade		Parish	17 (28.8)
	Spatial organisation	Used as a proxy variable for population density. This indicator identifies the concentration of houses	Dispersed	33 (55.9)
			Blocks	20 (33.9)
			Neighbourhoods	6 (10.2)
	Transport access	Identifies the type of access used to arrive at communities	River	40 (67.8)
	Transport access	Identifies the type of access used to arrive at communities	Road	19 (32.2)
	Electrical grid	Identifies the presence of a connection to the electrical grid	Yes	41 (69.5)
	Electrical grid		No	18 (30.5)
	Piped water system	Identifies the presence of a piped water system (untreated water only)	Yes	12 (20.3)
	Piped water system		No	47 (79.7)
	Telephone system	Identifies the presence of access to the national telephone network	Yes	17 (28.8)
	Telephone system		No	42 (71.2)
	Health centre	Identifies the presence of a health centre	Yes	17 (28.8)
	Health centre	Identifies the presence of a health centre	No	42 (71.2)
	Pharmacy	Identifies the presence a pharmacy	Yes	19 (67.8)
	Pharmacy	Identifies the presence a pharmacy	No	40 (32.2)
	Educational institution	Identifies the presence of secondary schools	Yes	13 (22.0)
	Educational institution	Identifies the presence of secondary schools	No	46 (78.0)
	Shops	Estimates the commercial infrastructure through number of shops	0–1	16 (27.1)
			2–5	22 (37.3)
			6–15	14 (23.7)
			>15	7 (11.9)

Index	Indicators	Definition	Minimum (%)	Mean (%)	Maximum (%)
Socioeconomics(% households by community)	Father's education	Estimates the percentage of households in which the father has any secondary education	0	17.8	40.7
	Mother's education	Estimates the percentage of households in which the mother has any secondary education	0	19.4	47.8
	Household income	Estimates the percentage of households with an income equal or above US$150/month	0	16.5	53.5
	Access to electricity	Estimates the percentage of households with electricity (electrical grid or generator)	0	68.3	100
	Material goods	Estimates the percentage of households with (all of) refrigerator, TV and stereo system	0	14.4	42.4
	Cement house	Estimates the percentage of households with cement walls	0	12.3	48.2
	Gas for cooking	Estimates the percentage of households that use propane gas for cooking	0	63.3	100
	Motor vehicles	Estimates the percentage of households with motor vehicles (boat or car)	0	10.1	48.2
	Uncrowded household	Estimates the percentage of households that are not crowded (≤3 persons by bedroom)	15.8	58.8	89.7
Lifestyle (% study children or household by community)	Consumption of hamburgers	Estimates the percentage of the study children who consume hamburgers at least once a month	0	21.1	58.3
	Consumption of fizzy drinks	Estimates the percentage of the study children who consume fizzy drinks daily	0	17.4	88.0
	No physical exercise	Estimates the percentage of the study population that do no physical activity daily (proxy of sedentarism)	0	25.6	65.6
	Television in house	Estimates the percentage of houses that have a television	0	55.5	96.6
	TV viewing	Estimates the percentage of the study children who watch television >1 h daily	0	65.9	100
	No farming activities	Estimates the percentage of households that do not work in agricultural activities	0	11.8	68
	Cat in house	Estimates the percentage of households that have a cat living inside the house	0	34	81.5
	Dog in house	Estimates the percentage of households that have a dog living inside the house	4.2	52.6	96
	Migration	Estimates the percentage of the study children who has lived for at least 3 months outside the study area in the past	3.9	29.8	76
	Parasite infection rate	Percentage of population with intestinal helminth Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Strongyloides stercoralis	14	76.3	100