Table 3

Risk factors for pulmonary function impairment (grade 2 or higher)*

Risk factorRestrictive pulmonary function impairmentDiffusion capacity impairment (DLCO)
OR (95% CI)p ValueOR (95% CI)p Value
Model 1
 Sex, female versus male1.14 (0.48 to 2.70)0.761.71 (0.89 to 3.26)0.11
 Age at diagnosis, years1.01 (0.91 to 1.12)0.840.95 (0.87 to 1.03)0.18
 Follow-up duration, years1.02 (0.95 to 1.09)0.581.02 (0.97 to 1.08)0.38
 Bleomycin, yes versus no1.50 (0.38 to 5.97)0.571.99 (0.56 to 7.07)0.29
 Radiotherapy, yes versus no12.87 (3.37 to 49.08)0.0005.84 (1.88 to 18.14)0.002
 Surgery, yes versus no3.79 (1.25 to 11.50)0.0191.98 (0.68 to 5.75)0.21
 HD cyclophosphamide, yes versus no2.15 (0.80 to 5.79)0.131.25 (0.58 to 2.71)0.57
Model 2†
 Sex, female versus male1.11 (0.46 to 2.65)0.821.69 (0.89 to 3.24)0.11
 Age at diagnosis, years1.02 (0.92 to 1.13)0.750.95 (0.87 to 1.03)0.19
 Follow-up duration, years1.02 (0.96 to 1.09)0.501.03 (0.97 to 1.08)0.37
 Therapy subgroup
  Bleomycin only1 (Reference)1 (Reference)
  Radiotherapy only6.99 (2.27 to 21.54)0.0012.85 (1.32 to 6.19)0.008
  Surgery only1.59 (0.15 to 16.35)0.701.03 (0.23 to 4.68)0.97
  Bleomycin with radiotherapy9.41 (1.71 to 51.86)0.0106.17 (1.37 to 27.84)0.018
  Bleomycin with surgery–0.991.38 (0.10 to 18.66)0.81
  Radiotherapy with surgery33.44 (7.81 to 143.09)0.0005.98 (1.64 to 21.81)0.007
HD cyclophosphamide, yes versus no2.10 (0.78 to 0.62)0.141.25 (0.57 to 2.73)0.58

  • Note that all patients were treated with potentially pulmotoxic therapy.

  • ↵* According to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v3.0.

  • ↵† In model 2, mutually adjusted ORs are shown.

  • DLCO, carbon monoxide diffusion capacity corrected for haemoglobin; HD, high-dose.